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1、全球变暖及其影响 Global warming and its impact,Global Warming & energy efficiency 全球变暖和能源有效利用,内容,关于全球变暖What is global warming 全球变暖的影响The impact of global warming,太热了 Too hot,比以前暖和了 warmer and better,全球变暖？Global warming?,Enough clothes!,过去140年全球温度变化情况,21世纪全球升温状况预测,Source: IPCC report 3, 2001,全球变暖原因,Source: I
2、PCC report 3, 2001,温室气体 Greenhouse Gas,指大气中那些吸收和重新放出红外辐射的自然的和人为的气态成分 The gaseous constituents of the atmosphere, both natural and anthropogenic, that absorb and re-emit infrared radiation.,温室效应早已存在：Greenhouse effect is natural 没有温室气体地球表面温度为零下18C. without, average temperature would be ca. -18C. 温室气体是
3、地球生命的保证 natural” greenhouse effect enables life on earth 温室气体使地球表面温度保持在平均15C average temperature is ca. 15C. 自然界存在的温室气体：The natural greenhouse gases are: 氧气：Oxygen 臭氧：Ozone 二氧化碳：Carbon dioxide 水蒸气：Water vapour,人类活动排放的温室气体,二氧化碳 Carbon dioxide (CO2) 甲烷 Methane (CH4) 氧化亚氮 Nitrous oxide (N2O) 氢氟碳化物 Hydr
4、ofluorocarbons (HFCs) 氟化碳 Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) 六氟化硫 Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6),二氧化碳 Carbon Dioxide,主要的人为二氧化碳排放来自化石燃料的燃烧： The main source of anthropogenic CO2 emissions is the burning of fossil fuels: 热力 heating 电厂 power generation 交通 transportation 森林砍伐 Deforestation 生产排放 Process emissions 金属生产 M
5、etal production 水泥工业 Cement production,全球CO2 排放 Global CO2 Emissions,内容,关于全球变暖What is global warming 全球变暖的影响The impact of global warming,Water resources水资源 Agriculture Forest Species,Sea level Human health Tourism Insurance ,全球变暖的影响,中国北部的干旱,更多干旱和洪水,Since 1980s, Drought in North China continued. Annu
6、al precipitation of Jing-Jin regione, Hai-Luan River Basin, Shandong Byland decreased 1015%/10yr Since 1990s, drought region extended to south and west. Annual precipitation of upper and middle reaches area of the Yellow River, Han river valley, Upper reaches area of Huai River and Sichuan basin dec
7、reased 510% in the past 9 years. The PR China Initial National Communication on Climate Change, 2004,中国南方的洪水,1991:Flood in Huai River 1994: Flood in Dongting Lake basin 1996: Flood in Dongting Lake basin 1995: Flood in Poyang Lake basin 1998: Flood in Yangtze River, Zhu River, Songhua River exceeded
8、 historical values ever recorded 1999: Flood in Tai lake basin exceeded historical values ever recorded 2003: Flood in Huai River, Huang River and Wei River 2005: Disastrous flood in Zhu River The PR China Initial National Communication on Climate Change, 2004,更多干旱和洪水,Drought,Flood,Predicting Occurr
9、ence of Drought and Flood in China as a Response to Global Climate Change, 2006,更多干旱和洪水,冰川退缩,Area of western mountain glacier decreased 21% since global warming 短时期水量增多，长期则出现水资源匮乏,Tian Mountain,Himalayas glacier is retreating at the rate of 10-15m/yr,Melting glacier (Everest, 6500m) 融化的海拔6500米的珠峰东绒布
10、垭口冰川,Gobi desert after glacier retreat (North slope of MtEverest , 5200-5800m) 冰川退缩后，珠峰北坡海拔5200米至5800米之间形成的越来越高的戈壁滩,Glacier retreat in source region of the Yangtze river,The PR China Initial National Communication on Climate Change, 2004 An overview of glaciers, glacier retreat, and its subsequent i
11、mpacts in the Nepal, India and China, 2005 http:/ citizens in Qumalai County, located at the source region of yangtze river, have to buy water for living. 地处长江源头第一县的曲麻莱县，过去水资源十分丰富，但是近年来却出现了河流干涸、地下水位下降、冰川退缩等现象，这里的居民生活在“住在源头买水喝”的窘境当中。,冰川退缩,全球变暖的影响,Water resources Agriculture农业 Forest Species,Sea level
12、 Human health Tourism Insurance ,Global warming makes the potential growing season of crops longer, which may makes multiple cropping system extend. But this probability might be counteracted by shortage of water due to more evaporation. 气候变暖使得农业生长的潜在生长季有所延长，为多熟种植制度的增加带来了可能，但是气温升高的同时，蒸发量增大，热量资源增加的有利
13、因素可能由于水的匮乏而无法得到充分利用 Combined effect of several factors, such as loss of essential species, increased incidence of flooding, climate-induced outbreaks of pests and so on will decrease crop yield. 气候变化产生的温度变化以外的影响，如物种的消失，洪涝灾害的加剧，病虫害的发生等会综合影响农作物产量 When CO2 doubled, content of amino acids and proteins i
14、n soybean, winter wheat and maize will decrease CO2浓度加倍的条件下，大豆、冬小麦和玉米的氨基酸和粗蛋白含量均呈下降趋势 climate change and environmental change in China, 2005 Stern review, 2006 National Assessment Report on Climate Change, 2007,农业,农作物减产,In 2030, Crop yield in China will probably decrease 5-10%, Production of three m
15、ain crops will mostly decrease. (rising temperature, aggravating flood and waterlogging, water shortage),Science, impact and countermeasures for climate change, 2002,全球变暖的影响,Water resources Agriculture Forest森林 Species,Sea level Human health Tourism Insurance ,森林受到危害,With climate change, productivit
16、y of forestry per unit area will increase, but because forest distribution area will decrease greatly, the total forest production will go down. 根据目前的气候变化预估，我国森林单位面积的生产力将增加，但森林分布面积将缩小，森林的木材产量将下降。因此，林业受到损失,Climate change and environmental change in China, 2005,全球变暖的影响,Water resources Agriculture Forest Species物种,Sea level Human health Tourism Insurance ,对陆地生物的影响,Climate change will intimidate the endangered species and the
