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1、Welcome to our class,Welcome to our class,Welcome to our class,Grammar and usage,Unit 2,Verb-ing form,非谓语动词,过去分词,不定式,-ing 形式,动名词,现在分词,动名词（Gerund),动名词可以起名词的作用，在句子中作主语，宾语，表语和定语。 1. Playing football is my favourite sport.主语 2. Our work is serving the people. 表语 3. I remember being taken to Wuhan when I
2、 was a very small child. 宾语 4. We have a swimming poor in the back yard. 定语,Notes:,1. 时态和语态及动名词的复合结构 2. 动名词与不定式作主语，表语的区别。 3. 作宾语时，有些动词后只能用动名词，有些动词后只能用不定式，有的两者都能,有时含义相同，有时含义不同。 4. 作定语时，与现在分词的区别。,时态和语态,I remember being taken to Wuhan when I was a very small child. （动名词的一般被动态） She admitted having opene
3、d the box. （动名词的完成被动态） How about the two of us taking a walk down the garden? (MET93 17) (动名词的复合结构),动名词与不定式作主语，表语的区别 v-ing形式作主语时往往表示一般性的、习惯性的动作；而不定式作主语则表示在具体情况下特定的或一次性的动作。但有时可以通用。,只能用动名词作宾语的动词,1. advise, allow, avoid, admit, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, mind, miss, permit
4、, practise, risk, suggest, dislike, appreciate 2. feel like, give up, put off, keep on, look forward to, insist on, cant help, get used to, devote to 3. Its useless/no use/no good doing,在begin, start, continue, intend 等动词后跟v-ing形式和不定式作宾语，句子含义相同 在like, love, hate等动词后v-ing形式作宾语时往往表示一般性的、习惯性的动作；而不定式作宾语
5、则表示在具体情况下特定的或一次性的动作。,下列动词后跟动名词或不定式意思完全不同。 1. remember, forget, regret + doing 记得/忘记/遗憾曾做过某事 + to do记得/忘记/遗憾要做某事 2. want, need, require +doing 需要被做 +to do 需要做,3. stop, try, mean, go on go on to do 接着又做另一件事/go on doing 继续做同一件事 stop to do 停下来去做某事/stop doing 停止做某事 try to do 努力做某事/try doing 试一试做某事 mean t
6、o do 打算想做某事/mean doing 意味着意思是做某事,作定语时，与现在分词的区别 动名词作定语表名词的作用或功能，现在分词作定语表名词正在进行的动作。,现在分词 (present participle) 现在分词的形式与动名词相同，但功能不同。可在句中充当定语，表语，状语和补语。,1. 作定语 an interesting book the man sitting by the window boiling water falling snow the bridge being built A. 与动名词作定语的区别 B. 与过去分词,不定式 作定语的区别,过去分词做定语与其修饰词
7、之间是动宾关系或过去分词表示的动作以完成。 现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。 不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。 the house being built/to be built/built正在被建/将要被建/建好了的房子,boiling water 正在沸腾的水 boiled water 开水 the changing world 变化中的世界 the changed world 变化了的世界 the developing countries 发展中国家 the developed countries 发达国家 falling leaves 正在落下的叶子 fallen
8、leaves 落叶 rising sun 正在升起的太阳 risen sun 已经升起的太阳,2 作表语 与过去分词作表语的区别 凡表示“令人的”都是-ing形式， 凡是表示“感到”都用-ed形式。,interesting 使人感兴趣的 interested 感兴趣的 exciting 令人激动的 excited 感到激动的 delighting 令人高兴的 delighted 感到高兴的 disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed 感到失望的 encouraging 令人鼓舞的 encouraged 感到鼓舞的,pleasing 令人愉快的pleased 感到愉快的 p
9、uzzling 令人费解的puzzled 感到费解的 satisfying 令人满意的satisfied 感到满意的 surprising 令人惊异的surprised 感到惊异的 worrying 令人担心的worried 感到担心的,旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。,Travelling is interesting but tiring.,如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。,The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.,他的论点很令人信服。,The argument is very convincing.
10、,3. 作状语 1. Seeing the teacher entering the room, the students stood up. 2. Being a student, he was interested in sports. 3. Having written the letter, John went to the post office. 现在分词作状语时，注意如下三点： 相当于相应的从句 分词的逻辑主语就是全句的主语 现在分词作状语时有不同的时态与语态,4. 作补语 Can you get the machine going again? The boys were se
11、en walking on the grass.,非谓语动词的否定式均为not+非谓语动词,一些独立结构： 1. Generally _ ( speak ), we have learnt a lot in this school. 2. _ (judge ) from his appearance, he is somebody. 3. _ ( tell ) you the truth, your work is terrible.,speaking,Judging,To tell,Consolidation,The verb-ing forms in these sentences are
12、 all used as the attribute. Can you change the following attributive clauses into verb-ing form? 1) A taxi which is waiting is around the corner. Go and take it. A waiting taxi is around the corner. Go and take it.,2) It is said that nothing that lives can be found on Mars. It is said that no living
13、 things can be found on Mars. 3) The boy who was smiling ran to his mother. The smiling boy ran to his mother.,4) The woman who is coming to dinner this evening works in the bank. The woman coming to dinner this evening works in the bank. 5) The young man who is looking at the map is lost. The young
14、 man looking at the map is lost. 6) The man who is performing in the street can play five musical instruments. The man performing in the street can play five musical instruments.,Can you rewrite these sentences, using clauses introduced by when, after, because, as a result, and if etc.,Knowing that
15、there was a dog outside, the little boy didnt open the door. Because he knew that there was a dog outside, the little boy didnt open the door.,Having plenty of money, she was able to go anywhere on holidays. Because she had plenty of money, she was able to go anywhere on holidays. Lucy and Lily, loo
16、king so alike, are often mistaken for twins. Lucy and Lily, because they look so alike, are often mistaken for twins.,The couple went shopping, leaving their eldest daughter alone at home. The couple went shopping. As a result, they left their eldest daughter alone at home. Time permitting, I will meet you for lunch. If time permits, I will meet you for lunch.,Multi
