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1、,新四级训练系列讲座 写作,Four levels,14 points. 切题. 表达思想清楚, 文字通顺,连贯性好.基本无语言上错误,仅有个别小错. 11 points 切题.表达思想清楚, 文字通顺,连贯性好.但有少量语言错误. 8 points 基本切题.有些地方表达思想不够连贯,语言错误相当多,其中有一些是严重错误. 5 points 基本切题. 表达思想不清楚,连贯性差.有较多数为严重错误.,作文的命题思路,命题思路变化点评：四六级委员会作文命题是围绕“一个中心，（以学生生活为中心）两个基本点（情景作文出现和经典段落的重组）”来展开的。 目前命题思路有以下两大变化：,第一种思路:情景
2、作文大量出现。 命题思路是强调英语的实用性，设立一个情景让你用所学的英语去处理一件假定的事情。 2001年6月的书信作文，写信给同学安排度假事宜 2002年1月的书信作文，写信给学校校长讨论食堂情况 2003年6月考察的是假设你见到车祸，然后进行描述,2003年12月的书信作文，写信给朋友选专业； 2004年6月假设你是一位导游，给外国游客介绍行程和介绍景点； 2005年1月假设你要去竞选学生会主席； 2005年6月假设你要描写一位心中的好老师。,第二种思路是： 把各种经典的段落进行排列和组合。 命题主要是把十种经典的段落进行自由组合，形成新的题目。,十大经典段落 1第一段：Introduct
3、ion,现象现状描述段（03.1/98.1/. ） 图表描述段（02.6/91.6） 对立观点陈述段,2第二段：Body 利弊说明段 意义阐释段（概念，图表） 原因列举段 举例论证段 3第三段：Conclusion 归纳结论段 预测趋势段 建议措施段,比如2005年12月24日的考题： Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? 1名校校园正成为旅游新热点 2校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同 3我认为 这就是现象现状描述段，加上对立观点陈述段，最后加上自己归纳结论段落。,应对写作的具体措施,. 写提纲/主题句 迅速根据中文提纲写出每一段
4、的主题句，并且根据提纲写出进一步的提纲（关键词即可），如具体的原因是什么？( 5分钟） 确定连接词 迅速根据你的提纲确定一套你觉得较有新意的连接词来串联自己提纲中的要素避免使用first, second, third 这一类的词（分钟）,应对写作的具体措施,. 巧妙地引出话题, 以精彩的第一句话吸引阅卷官的注意力. 在不涉及个人观点时避免使用In my opinion, I think 等短语.(2分钟) 1). There is a growing concern on campus love. 2). No one can deny the fact that sth is a popul
5、ar topic 3) Nowadays ,an increasing number of people prefer to settle down in America. 4. 具体的写作（20分钟） 5 检查润色（2分钟）,应对写作的具体措施,6. 取得高分的六个避免 ）避免开篇的 with the development of the society. 2) 举例时的 for example 3) 谈因果关系时的 because， so 4) 谈个人观点时的 I think, in my opinion 5) 列举细节时的 单一句型 中式思维，避免出现 Women are half si
6、de sky这样的句子,举例时的经典句型,1.Take sth/sb as an example. 2. Cite sth/sb as an example 3. sth is a case in point 4. a case in point is sth / sb/that Young people are all pursuing personal happiness. She is an case in point. / She is no exception. 4. 关于自身的例句：I have had such experiences for many times.,表达有人“
7、认为”时的句型,Sb believes that Sb argues that Sb holds firmly to the view that Sb maintains that,表达另一种不同观点时的转折连词,While On the contrary However In contrast,写作词汇匮乏时的应急措施,1试用笼统词 英语语言中有havetake make等笼统词，笼统词的重要特点在于意义广泛，搭配性强，构成词组后可以替代众多具体动词，虽然不能精确表达一个动作，却能大致表达意思。在一些具体动词写不出来时，用一些笼统词取代，也能收到异曲同工的效果。 例如：我经历了一个极其艰苦的
8、年代。,）I experienced a terrible hard time. 改为: I had a terrible hard time, ）Do you understand my meaning, sir? 改为: Do you take my meaning, sir? ）I will preside over the meeting. 改为: I will take the meeting.,2联想有关词汇 当遗忘产生或遇到未曾学过的词时，应采取放射性思维，发挥想象力，想出与之有关的单词，利用语言的内在联系，多层次，多角度地运用语言。一般情况下，联想可按下列思路进行：1.联想同义
9、词；2. 联想反义词。试看下列句子。 I had a nightmare last night. = I had a bad dream last night. Nightmare 使用频率不太高，因此不太好记。而其同义词 bad dream却容易记， 以后者取代前者丝毫不影响原句的意义。,3试用解释性语句 语言的功能在于表达，而表达的方式是多种多样的。当一个词影响到某个意思的完整表达时，我们可以用迂回的方式加以沟通。英语中多功能解释性语句就可以起到这一作用。 He is a dumb. = He is a person who cannot speak. He refused/decline
10、d/ rejected . = He said “no”.,使用率最高、覆盖面最广的基本句式,1.表示原因 1)There are three reasons responsible for the situation. 2)The reasons for this are as follows. 3) There are three major reasons that can explain the situation. 4) There are three reasons that can account for the phenomenon. 5) The situations are
11、 due to a, b and c. 6) There are three reasons that contribute to the situation.,使用率最高、覆盖面最广的基本句式,There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life. To begin with，peoples living standard has been greatly improved. Besides，most people are well paid and they can afford what the
12、y need or like. Finally, an increasing number of people prefer to enjoy modern life.,使用率最高 、覆盖面最广的基本句式,2.表示好处 1)It has the following advantages 2)It is beneficial to us. 3)It benefits us quite a lot. 4)It is of great benefit to us.,使用率最高、覆盖面最广的基本句式,Books are like friends, which are very beneficial t
13、o us. They can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizons.Therefore/consequently / accordingly / hence/ As a result，reading extensively is of great benefit to us.,使用率最高、覆盖面最广的基本句式,3.表示坏处 1)It has more disadvantages than advantages. 2)It does us much harm. 3)It i
14、s harmful to us.,使用率最高、覆盖面最广的基本句式,However，everything divides into two.Television can also be harmful to us.It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television.,使用率最高、覆盖面最广的基本句式,4. 必要、困难、方便、可能 1)It is important(necessary，difficult，convenient， possible)for sb.to
15、 do sth. 2)We think it necessary to do sth. 3) The chances of doing sth is slim. Chances are that sb will do sth. Sb is very likely to do sth.,使用率最高、覆盖面最广的基本句式,4.表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能 1)The bicycle is of importance for us. 2)The bicycle plays an important role in our life. 3)The bicycle, environmental fr
16、iendliness vehicle, plays an important role in our life.,使用率最高、覆盖面最广的基本句式,Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government in schools or in business.Soon， computers will be found in every home，too.We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age.,可能性 Chances are that sb will do sth Chances of doing sth is slim. sb is very likely to do sth It
