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1、Grammar and usage,Noun clauses introduced by question words,Empty subject it,Unit 2,课件描述：,本课件为Grammar and usage的辅助教学软件，教学设计通过讲解、练习帮助学生掌握疑问词引导的名词性从句和empty it 的用法。,Noun Clauses,Subject Object Predicative Appositive,Clauses,1. You know that I am a teacher of English. 2. That I am a teacher of English i
2、s known to you all . 3. It is known to you all that I am a teacher of English. 4. The fact that I am a teacher of English is known to you all. 5. I am worried about whether you can do well in the exam. 6. What I am worried about is whether you can do well in the exam.,that I am a teacher of English,
3、That I am a teacher of English,that I am a teacher of English,whether you can do well in the exam.,OC,SC,SC,PC,AC,that I am a teacher of English,whether you can do well in the exam.,OC,Find the clauses and tell the function of them:,SC,What I am worried about,Conjunctions of Noun Clauses:,what, what
4、ever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which,that, whether, if, as if (as though),when, where, how, why,状语,主语、宾语,Noun Clauses Introduced by Question Words,What was he doing ? His father was surprised.,subject clause 主语从句,Whats your first impression of him? I want to know.,object clause 宾语从句,How can I make
5、 a grammar lesson interesting? That is my question.,predicative clause 表语从句,How did Peter respond to that question? I have no idea.,appositive clause 同位语从句,We change the word order in a clause after a question word into that of a statement. 2. We cannot leave out the question words in noun clauses i
6、n any cases.,Attention,Check whether the sentences are true or false:,他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。 How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( ) How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( ),你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？ Could you tell me what was the matter with me. ( ) Could you tell me what the matter was with me. ( ),F,T,T,F,1
7、. I have no idea _ he comes from. 2. _ he got the money is still uncertain. 3. He gave us many suggestions _ we should get up earlier and take more exercise. 4. I have no doubt _ he will win. 5. I have some doubt _ he will win. 6. The thing that troubles me is _ to head for Europe.,Fill in the blank
8、s using “that/ whether / where/ how/when”,where,How,that,that,whether,when,1. Its a book. (指代) 2. Its over ten oclock. (时间) 3. Its raining outside. (天气) 4. Its a long way to the museum. (距离),Review the function of “it”,1. We can use it as an empty subject. when we use a noun clause as the subject of
9、 a sentence. a. (preferable) It is certain that we would not be able to understand Old English today. = (correct) That we would not be able to understand Old English today is certain.,Empty subject “it”:,b. (preferable) It is easy to answer whether English will continue changing in the future. = (co
10、rrect) Whether English will continue changing in the future is easy to answer. c. (preferable) It depends on the style of writing when we use certain words. = (correct) When we use certain words depends on the style of writing.,a. (preferable) It is hard to master a foreign language. = (correct) To
11、master a foreign language is hard. b. (preferable) It is important to know how to use a computer. = (correct) To know how to use a computer is important.,B. when the subject is a to-infinitive.,C. when the subject is a v-ing form. a. ( preferable) Smoking is difficult to stop. = (correct) It is diff
12、icult to stop smoking. b. (preferable) Travelling to Beijing takes up a lot of my time. = (correct) It takes a lot of my time travelling to Beijing.,We usually use the empty subject it with a clause or to-infinitive (preferable), but with the v-ing form we prefer the real subject at the beginning.,T
13、ip,2. It can also be used before seem, appear, happen, chance, turn out and prove as the empty subject of a sentence. It seems that he speaks two languages. = He seems to speak two languages. b. It happens that my new neighbour comes from my home town. = My new neighbor happens to come from my home
14、town.,I.同位语从句和定语从句的区别:,1. 定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分，充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。,2. 同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that在同位语从句中不做任何成分,只起连接作用,无具体含义,且不可省略.,Other important cases of noun clauses:,1. We expressed the hope that they had expressed. 2. We expressed the hope th
15、at they would come to China again.,1. The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university. 2. The information that he revealed at the meeting is of great value.,Attributive or Appositive,AT,AP,AP,AT,II.疑问词 + ever和no matter + 疑问词的区别： 疑问词 + ever可引导名词性从
16、句，在主从句中要充当一定的部分。 Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. You can choose whatever you like in the shop. 疑问词 + ever还可引导让步状语从句。如： Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished, Whatever you do, you must do it well. no matter + 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。 No matter what you do, you must do it well. No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.,1. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _. A. who is he B. who he is C. who
