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1、情态动词,一、情态动词的基本用法。 二、情态动词表推测。 三、情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法。,can/could 表示能力。 表示请求和许可（could的语气更加委婉） 表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度（主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。) Some of us _ use the computer now, but we _ 3 years ago. What on earth _ this mean? How _ you be so careless? _ I go now? Yes, you _. He said I _ use his pen.,can,couldnt,can,can,Cou
2、ld/Can,can,could,can表示能力时，还可用be able to代替。但be able to 可用更多的时态。如： I_ come this afternoon. 另外，当我们要表示已经实现了的某一次具体的能力 时，应用“was / were able to”,而不能用 “could”。其意思 相当于 “succeed in doing 或manage to do” I _ swim across the river when I was ten. He _ go to the party yesterday evening and he enjoyed himself very
3、 much.,will be able to,was able to,was able to,2. may/might 表示请求、许可。might比may的语气委婉。 _ I watch TV after supper? Yes, _. No, _. /_/ _. 用于感叹句中，表示祝愿。 祝你成功！ _!,May,you may,you mustnt,you may not,Youd better not,May you succeed,3. must “必须；应该” The work _ be finished before 5:00p.m. Must I hand in my homew
4、ork now. Yes, _. No, _/_. I _ be off now. My baby is at home. I _ go now. must 着重主观看法，而have to强调客观需要“不得 不”。,must,you must,you neednt,you dont have to,must,have to,4. ought to / should “应该” 表示建议、劝告。 You _ follow your fathers advice. _ she _ go? Yes, I think _. 他不应该独自去那里。 He _ go there by himself. sho
5、uld 还可表示推测，期待，“按理应该；估计”。 If he started at six, he _ be here now.,should /ought to,she ought to,shouldnt /oughtnt to,should,5. shall 用于第一、三人称疑问句中，征求对方意见。 用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表说话人的意愿，如“命令、允诺、警告、威胁”等。 You shall get a new computer if you pass the final exam. Where shall she wait for you? Shall I open the door?
6、 You shall be sorry for it. You shall stay here. Dont move., 允诺 警告 命令,6. will/would 用于各种人称，“意愿、决心” 用于第二人称疑问句中，表请求、建议、征求意见。would 比will更委婉客气。 表示趋向、经常性或习惯性的动作或状态。 _ you go with me? _ you wait for me here? OK. I _. We _ never do it again. He said he _ help us. Fish _ die without water. She _ sit behind
7、the window curtain reading when her aunt was out.,Will,Would,will,will,would,will,would,7. need 作情态动词：只用于疑问句和否定句中，后接V.原形，无s和-ed形式。 作实义动词：后接to do，有-s和-ed形式。 need doing = need to be done 他没有必要这么早来。 He_ (not come) so early. = He_ so early. A: Need I finish the work today? B: Yes, you _ . He _ finish it
8、 this evening. The floor need . = The floor need .,neednt come,needs to,must,doesnt need to come,cleaning,to be cleaned,8. dare：(用法同need) 作情态动词：只用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中，后接V.原形；无s和-ed形式。 作实义动词：后接to do，但在否定句中“to”可以省略；有-s和-ed形式。 If you _ (say) that again, Ill beat you. 你怎么敢说我不公平！ How _Im unfair? 我敢游过这条河。 I _ ac
9、ross this river. 他不敢接电话。 He _ _ answer the telephone.,dare say,dare you say,dare to swim,doesnt dare (to),must , can/could, may/might 的用法,must,1.must 表示推测时， 只能用于肯定句。,这个电脑肯定出了问题。,There must be something wrong with the computer.,你努力学了一整天， 一定累了吧,You have worked hard all day. You must be tired.,2.must +
10、be doing/do 表示对现在的动作进行肯定推测,他现在一定在看小说,He must be reading novels now.,他们买了一辆新车。 他们一定很有钱,They have bought a new car. They must have a lot of money.,3.must +have done 表示对过去发生的事情作出的肯定判断,他们在玩篮球， 他们一定完成了作业。,They are playing basketball. They must have finished their homework.,路是湿的。昨天晚上一定下雨了。,The road is wet
11、. It must have rained last night.,can,can 表示推测时，只能用在否定句或疑问句中。,Its so late. Can Tom be reading?,这么晚了，汤姆还在看书吗？,这个人不可能是玛丽， 她生病了。,It cant be Mary. She has fallen ill.,may/might/could,1.may/might表示推测时，只能用于陈述句，表示对现在或将来要发生的动作把握不大。,她们明天可能会到这里来。,They may come here tomorrow.,他们可能还在等我们呢。,They may be still wait
12、ing for us.,2.might /could可用于指过去的行为或者表示可能性更小。,他也许在作功课吧。,He might be doing his homework now.,3.might/may have done,表示对过去发生的动作进行可能性推测，,他可能去医务室了。,He may have gone to the clinic.,他可能已经从报纸上知道这个消息了。,He might have read about the news in the newspaper.,表示推测情态动词的重要用法.,肯定的推测 可能的推测 否定的推测 疑问的推测,must,do be doing
13、 have done,情态动词,may, might could,cant, couldnt,can, could,现在或将来的动作或事实,正在进行的动作,发生在过去或已经完成的动作,现在或将来的动作或事实,动作发生在过去或已完成,“可能” 用于否定、疑问的猜测。,“可能” 语气不肯定。,“一定” 语气最肯定，只用于肯定的猜测。,正在进行的动作,A: Li Ping, someone is waiting for you at the school gate. Who _ it be? B: It _ be the headmaster. A: It _ be him. He has gone
14、 to Beijing. B: It _ be Mr. Li. He looks like the headmaster. The ground is wet. It _ (rain) last night. The ground is dry. It _ (rain) last night. A: Is John coming by train? B: He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car. Put on more clothes. You _ be feeling cold with only a shirt on. I havent received the letter. It _ (send) to the wrong address.,can,may,cant,must,must have rained,cant have rained,may,must,must have been sent,To
