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1、,Unit 3 Inventors and inventions,Grammar,动词-ed形式作定语 动词-ed形式作表语 动词-ed形式作宾语补足语,过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧, 渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容词 (the Participle Adjective), 实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词, 除表示“完成”的动作之外, 还表示“被动”的意义。如： spoken English (英语口语)； iced beer (冰冻啤酒)；,一、动词-ed形式作定语,cooked food (熟食); fried chips (炸土豆条);,但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表
2、示“完成”的动作, 而不表示“被动”意义。如: boiled water(开水); fallen leaves(落叶) ; the risen sun(升起的太阳)等。,1. The tall man is a returned student 高个子的那个人是个归国留学生。 2. My parents are both retired teachers 我的父母都是退休教师。,(1)前置定语 单个的动词-ed形式,一般放在被修饰 的名词的前面, 作前置定语。 The excited people rushed into building. 激动的人们冲进大楼。 (=the people wh
3、o were excited) Lost time can never be found again 虚度的时光, 无法挽回。 (=time which is lost),(2)后置定语 少数单个动词的-ed形式, 如left等, 只能 作后置定语。 1. Everything used should be marked 所有用过的东西应该做好标记。 2. Among the invited were some ladies 被邀请的人中, 有些是女士。 3. The books left are for my students 剩下的书是给我的学生的。, 动词-ed形式短语作定语时, 通常要
4、放在被修饰的名词的后面, 在意思上相当于一个定语从句。及物动词的过去分词作定语用来表示被动,可改为带被动语态的定语从句;不及物动词的过去分词(仅限于单个过去分词,且不能后置)则表示完成,可改为带有完成时态的定语从句。,1. Is there anything planned for tonight? 今晚有什么活动吗? (=that has been planned for tonight) 2. The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success 这次会议有很多人出席, 开得很成功。 (=which was attended by
5、a lot of people),3.We drank some boiled water (=which had boiled )and went on with our work. 我们喝了一些开水后就继续工作。 注意: 这里的过去分词的逻辑主语应是被修饰的词, 改为定语从句时关系代词应与之一致。,高考题,Most of the artists to the party were from South Africa. (MET 90) A.invited B. to invite C.being invited D. had been invited 2) The first text b
6、ooks for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. (NMET 94) A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written,3) The Olympic games, in 776 BC, didnt include women players until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playin
7、g 4) Prices of daily foods through a computer can be lower than prices in stores. (2002年全国春） A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying,5) Mr. Smith,_ of the speech, started to read a _ novel. (2003 北京春) A. tired, boring B. tiring, bored C. tired, bored D. tiring, boring,过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意，
8、而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。如： He looked worried after reading the letter 看完信后, 他显得很忧虑。 When we heard of it, we were deeply moved 当我们听到这件事时, 被深深地感动了。 He seemed quite delighted at the idea 听到这个想法, 他似乎很高兴。,二、动词-ed形式作表语,常见的作表语的过去分词有: amused(愉快的)； broken(碎了的)；closed(关闭的)； astonished(吃惊的)；crowded(拥挤的)； experienced(有
9、经验的); delighted(高兴的)； lost(丢失的)； gone(遗失的)； disappointed(失望的)；worried(担忧的)； interested(感兴趣的) tired(疲劳的) pleased(高兴的)；satisfied(满意的)； surprised(吃惊的); married(已婚的)； known(著名的) 等等,作表语的-ed形式可被much, very, quite等所修饰。 I was very pleased at the news 听了这消息我很高兴。 He grew much tired of the work 他十分厌倦这工作。 He see
10、med quite delighted at the idea. 听了这想法他似乎很高兴。,Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour. (NMET98) A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay 2) As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends. (NEMT 2001) A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed,高考题,3) The pilot asked all the passengers on b
11、oard to remain _ as the plane was making a landing. (2004 上海) A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating,三、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语,能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词,表示被动意义或已完成意义,有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。,She found the door broken in when she came back 她回来时发现有人破门而人。 My grandfather had his old hou
12、se rebuilt 我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。 Will you please make yourself heard to us, please? 请你大声点让我们都听到你说的话, 好吗？,少数不及物动词的过去分词用作宾补时, 强调动作完成后的状态. They found all the guests gone when they woke up. 当他们醒来时, 发现所有的客人都走了。,动词-ed形式作宾语补足语的基本用法 动词的-ed形式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一结构中, 动词-ed形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子改为被
13、动语态,原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。,1. I must get my bike repaired 我必须请人修理自行车。 (宾语补足语) 2. The girl was found beaten black and blue 人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。 (主语补足语),(1)动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, think, suppose, consider等。,We thought the game lost 我们认为球赛输了。,I have never heard h
14、im spoken ill of others. 我从未听过有人说他的坏话。 She felt a great weight taken off her mind 她觉得心里轻松了些。 They considered the matter settled 他们认为这问题解决了。,(2) 动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补足语, 这类动词包括make, get, have, keep, leave, hold等。 I have my hair cut once a month 我每个月理一次发。 He was trying to make himself understood 他正努力使别人听懂
15、自己。,She held her hands pressed against her face. 她用双手按着脸。, (请人)把某事做完。 She had her house repaired 她请人把屋子修好了。 Where did you have your hair cut? 你在哪儿理的发?,“have+宾语+done”结构有三个含义：,遭遇某种意外情况。 He had his hat blown away on his way home 在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。 She had her wallet stolen yesterday. 昨天她的钱包被偷了。, 完成某事 (自己也可能参与)。 I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected 我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。 He has had one thousand yuan saved this year 他今年已存了1000元。,(3) 动词-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括like，want, wish, expect, order等”这一类动词的后面作宾语补足语。 He wont like such questions discussed
