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1、Module 3 Body Language and Non-verbal Communication Grammar,条件状语从句和让步状语从句 1. 条件状语从句。 【语境领悟】 *If youve got exams tomorrow, why arent you studying? 如果你明天有考试, 你现在为什么不学习?,*The sports meeting will begin tomorrow unless it rains. 运动会明天将要开始, 除非下雨。 *All living things respire as long as they live. 所有的生物只要他们活
2、着都要呼吸。 *Take your umbrella in case it rains. 带着你的伞吧, 以防下雨。,【知识归纳】 条件状语从句是表示主句动作发生的前提或条件的从句, 一般置于句首或句末。通常由下列从属连词和短语来引导: if(如果, 假如), unless(除非), as (so) long as(只要), provided/ providing (that)(只要), suppose/supposing(假设), on condition (that)(如果), in case(以防)等。,(1)if和unless if表示正面的条件, 意为“如果”; unless表示反向
3、的条件, 意为“除非, 如果不”。 (2)providing, provided (that), supposing, suppose (that), as long as, so long as, on condition that和in case 这些连词(词组)意思相近, 有“如果, 只要, 假如, 假使, 在条件下”等意思。,【深化点拨】 (1)条件状语从句中常用一般现在时表示将来要发生的动作。 *If he arrives tomorrow, I will be waiting for him at the airport. 如果他明天到, 我将在机场等他。 (2)unless引导条
4、件状语从句时, 要注意这个连词自身在意义上是否定的: unless = if. . . not. . . , 意为“除非, 如果不”。 *I will not go to their party unless I am invited. (= I will not go to their party if I am not invited. ) 假如他们不邀请我, 我不会去参加他们的聚会。,(3)only if和if only only if引导的从句用陈述语气, 意为“只要”; if only引导的从句要用虚拟语气, 意为“但愿, 要是就好了”。 *Only if you have pers
5、istence, can you achieve great success. 唯有你坚持下去, 你才能取得巨大的成功。 *If only I had wings, I would be able to travel around the world easily. 如果我有翅膀, 我就能够轻松地环游世界了。,2. 让步状语从句。 【语境领悟】 *Air exists everywhere although we cant see it. 尽管我们看不见空气, 但它却无处不在。 *Hard as/though he works, he makes little progress. (=Thou
6、gh he works hard, he makes little progress. ) 尽管他学习很努力, 但几乎没取得什么进步。 *While I understand what you say, I cant agree with you. 虽然我理解你的意思, 但我还是不同意。 *No matter where you go on the earth, you will feel the gravity. 无论你到地球的什么地方, 你都会感觉到地心引力。,【知识归纳】 让步状语从句是表示在某种相反的条件下, 主句中的情况依然会出现。通常由下列从属连词和短语来引导: though(虽然
7、), although(虽然), as(尽管, 虽然), while(虽然), even if/though(即使); whether. . . or. . . (不管还是); no matter +疑问词(无论), 疑问词-ever(无论)。,【深化点拨】 (1)though, although与but不能连用。 *Although he is old, he is still energetic. 尽管他上了年纪却还是精力充沛。 (2)当as意为“虽然, 即使, 尽管”引导让步状语从句时, 必须采用倒装结构, 即“形容词/副词/名词(前面不能加冠词)/实义动词+as+主语+谓语的其他部分”
8、。as可以换成though。,*Child as he is, he knows a lot. 尽管他是个孩子, 但他懂得很多。 *Old as he is, he is still energetic. 尽管他上了年纪却依然精力充沛。 *Try as he might, he couldnt solve the problem. 尽管他很努力, 但还是无法解决这个问题。,(3)“no matter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句, 可以和“疑问词-ever”形式互换。但“whatever/whichever/whoever”既可引导让步状语从句, 也可引导名词性从句。 *Whatever(=N
9、o matter what) you say, I wont believe you. 无论你说什么, 我都不会相信你。 *Whoever comes will be welcome. (whoever引导主语从句, 不能转换成no matter who)不管谁来都受到欢迎。 (4)有时while也可以引导让步状语从句, 但一般要位于句首。 *While I like the colour, I dont like the shape. 我虽然喜欢那颜色, 但不喜欢那形状。,(5)however引导让步状语从句时, 与它所修饰的词一起放在句首。 *However short the journ
10、ey is, you always get something to eat on this airliner. 不管航程多么短, 这一班机上都有些吃的。 *However hard I worked, she was never satisfied. 无论我多么努力地工作, 她从来没满意过。,(2014北京高考) _ the forest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year. A. As B. When C. Even though D. In case,解题分析:,【活用】1. (2014江苏高考)Lessons
11、can be learned to face the future, _ history cannot be changed. A. though B. as C. since D. unless 【解析】选A。考查状语从句。句意: 尽管历史无法改变, 但是我们可以吸取教训来面对未来。though表示转折。,2. (2014四川高考)Ill be out for some time. _ anything important happens, call me up immediately. A. In case B. As if C. Even though D. Now that 【解析】选
12、A。考查连词和状语从句。句意: 我要出去一段时间。万一有什么重要的事情发生, 立即给我打电话。根据句意可知, 这里表示“立即给我打电话”的条件, in case如果, 万一, 引导条件状语从句。,3. (2014湖南高考)You will never gain success _ you are fully devoted to your work. A. when B. because C. after D. unless 【解析】选D。考查状语从句。句意: 除非你完全投入到你的工作中, 否则你就永远不会取得成功。unless相当于if not, 意为“除非, 如果不”, 在此引导让步状语从
13、句, 符合语境。,4. (2013四川高考)He is so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son _ he wants to. A. even if B. as if C. because D. before 【解析】选A。考查状语从句。句意: 他很忙。即使他想和儿子多待会儿, 他也无法抽出足够的时间。A项表示“即使”, 引导让步状语从句; B项表示“好像”, 引导方式状语从句; C项表示“因为”, 引导原因状语从句; D项表示“在之前, 才, 就”, 引导时间状语从句。,5. (2013山东高考) _ I have to give
14、a speech, I get extremely nervous before I start. A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Whoever D. However 【解析】选B。考查让步状语从句。句意: 无论何时我要进行演讲, 在开始前我都会极其紧张。whatever无论什么; whenever无论何时; whoever无论谁; however无论怎样。结合句意应选B。,【补偿训练】 1. (2013江西高考)She says that shell have to close the shop _ business improves. A. if B. unless
15、 C. after D. when 【解析】选B。考查连词。句意: 她说她将不得不关闭店铺, 除非生意好转。if意为“如果”; unless意为“除非”; after意为“在之后”; when意为“当的时候”。,2. (2013北京高考)I took my driving license with me on holiday, _ I wanted to hire a car. A. in case B. even if C. ever since D. if only 【解析】选A。考查连词短语。句意: 度假时我随身携带驾驶证以备租车之需。A项“以防, 以防万一”, 符合句意; B项表示“即
16、使”; C项表示“自从以后”; D项表示“但愿, 要是就好了”。,3. (2013重庆高考) _ we have enough evidence, we cant win the case. A. Once B. As long as C. Unless D. Since 【解析】选C。考查状语从句。句意: 除非我们有足够的证据, 否则我们赢不了这场官司。根据句意可知需要填入表示“除非”的连词, 故选C; A项表示“一旦”; B项表示“只要”; D项表示“既然; 自从以来”。,4. (2012福建高考)It is hard for the Greek government to get over
