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1、The Attributive Clause 定语从句讲解,定语从句：在整个句子中相当于一个形容词，对某一名词或代词起着修饰作用，作定语。 1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语 2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后 3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词 先行词与关系词是等量关系。 先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。 This is the place which is worth visiting. 关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。 There are many places we can visit（the
2、m）in China.,限制性定语从句的构成,The old lady who lives next to us sells books. You should do all that I said. I have found the teather whom I am looking for . I visited the factory where my father works.,关系代词 关系副词,先行词 之后,用陈述式语序,“.的”,关系词,1.从句位置及语序:,2.翻译方法:,3.构成,先行词和关系词的关系,1.A plane is a machine that can fly.
3、2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom. 3.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather. 4.The school where I study is far from my home.,the machine = that,the boy =who,the boys =whose,in the school = where,关系代词实际上是先行词的复指,关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格,关系副词实际上是介词先行词,Join the following
4、sentences: A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.,先行词和关系词的关系,Join the following sentences: A plane is a machine. The machine can fly. A plane is can fly.,关系代词的实质,the machine,a machine,Join the following sentences: A plane is a machine. The machine can fly. A plane is can fly.,关系代词的实质,a machine,t
5、hat /which,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences: The lady is Green. We saw her yesterday.,her,The lady,we saw yesterday is Green,Who/that,关系代词的用法,关系代词在从句中可以：,何时可以省略？,做宾语时可以省略,关系代词的用法练习,1.The eggs were not fresh. I bought them yesterday. 2.The friend was not hungry. He came to supper last night. 3.He
6、 prefers the cheese. It comes from his parents farm. 4.The noodles were delicious. You cooked them. 5.I dont like the people. They smoke a lot.,The eggs (that/which) I bought them were not fresh.,The friend who/ that he came to supper last night was not hungry.,He prefers the cheese that / which it
7、comes from his parents farm.,The noodles( which/ that )you cooked them were delicious.,I dont like the people that / who they smoke a lot.,关系副词和先行词的关系,I still remember the day when I came here. This is the house where I lived last year. There are many reasons why people like traveling. I dont like t
8、he way that you speak.,on the day =when,in the house= where,for the reasons =why,in the way =that,关系副词实际上是介词先行词,1.Ill never forget the days_ we worked together. 2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together. 3.I went to the place I worked ten years ago. 4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years
9、ago. 5.This is the reason _ he was late. 6.This is the reason _ he gave.,when /in which,which,where/ in which,which,why/ for which,that/which,几种易混的情况,及物动词,及物动词,及物动词,在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which:,（1）先行词被形容词最高级 序数词 数词几种词修饰或被 only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修饰时。 （2）先行词为all、much、little、none、f
10、ew、one、something、anything等不定代词时。 （3）先行词中既有人又有物时。 He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus. （4）先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。 The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago. （5）当主句中含有疑问词which时。 Which are the books that you bought for me ?,宜用which而不用that的情况,（1）在非限制性定语从句中
11、 （2）在关系词前有介词时 （3）当先行词本身是that时 （4）当关系词离先行词较远时,关系词who与that指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词,（1）当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who。 （2）先行词是为anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等词时，关系词用who。 （3）当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。 Who is that girl that is standing by the window? （4）whom在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。,whose作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。如： Do you know Mr.
12、Smith whose story is very moving ? There is a room, whose window faces the river. There is a room, the window of which faces the river.,关系代词as,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。,（1）关系代词常出现在the sameas, suchas, soas, asas 等结构中 This is not such a book as I expected. I live in the same building as he (lives in). Here is so
13、 big a stone as no man can lift. As many children as came here were my fathers pupils. the samethat和the sameas的区别 I have bought the same watch as you have. 我买了一块和你一样的手表。（我的手表和你的手表很像，但不是同一块。） This is the same watch that I lost. 这就是我丢的那块手表。（这手表和我丢的手表是同一块）,（2） as引导非限制性定语从句，指代逗号前的整个句子（即先行词），可置于句首或句末。 Th
14、is elephant is like a snake, as anybody can see. Mary was late for school, as often happened. As is known to all, the earth is round. as 指代一句话和which 指代一句话的用法区别 which则不需要，例如： The man died last night, which is a lie. as 替代一句话即可放句首也可放句末，而which只能放句末。1）先行词被such和the same修饰，或句型as many（much）中，从句都用as 引导。 Suc
15、h books as you bought are useful. The school is just the same as it was 10 years age. 注意：区别such that 引导的结果状语从句。They are such lovely children that we love them much. the same that 引导定语从句。I want to use the same tool that you used just now （2）无先行词的定语从句用as和which引导。 区别：意义上：as 含有“这点正如一样”。位置上：as 从句可置句首，也可在另处。 He didnt pass the exam, as we had expected. There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out. As is known, the earth is round, not flat.,难用的 whose,The teacher praised the student. His English is the best in our class.,The teacher praised the student wh
