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1、Consolidating Comprehension,Subject One,Unit 2,Unit 2 Understand Different Positions (p33-35),If then a practical end must be assigned to a University course, I say it is that of training good members of society. Its art is the art of social life, and its end is fitness for the world. It neither con
2、fines its views to particular professions on the one hand, nor creates heroes or inspires genius on the other. 那么，如果必须要给大学课程确定一个实际的目标的话，我认为是培养对社会有用的人。它的艺术是社会生活的艺术，它的目标是适应世界。一方面它既不将自己的视野局限在特定的几个专业，另一个方面也不创造英雄或激发天才。,Works indeed of genius fall under no art; heroic minds come under no rule; a Universit
3、y is not a birthplace of poets or of immortal authors, of founders of schools, leaders of colonies, or conquerors of nations. It does not promise a generation of Aristotles or Newtons, of Napoleons or Washingtons, of Raphaels or Shakespeares, though such miracles of nature it has before now containe
4、d within its precincts 其实，天才的作品并无技术可循；英雄的精神并无规则可依；大学并不是诗人或不朽的作家、学派的创始人、殖民地的领导者、或国家的征服者的诞生地。它不能保证培养出一代亚里斯多德或牛顿，拿破仑或华盛顿，拉斐尔或莎士比亚，尽管它曾经所拥有的这样的自然奇迹现在包含在其校园之内。,Education makes a people easy to lead, but difficult to drive; easy to govern, but impossible to enslave. 教育使得民众易于领导，但难以驱使；易于管理，但难以奴役。 In educati
5、on there should be no class distinction. （子曰：）有教无类。（教育无阶级之分）,Interpretations (p36) 1. All their teachers looked for were mistakes, and there are so many kinds of mistakes in writing that their students despair of ever learning to avoid them. When teacher read their students writing, they would focus
6、 more on problems or mistakes. Too much emphasis on the problems in the writing may result in students loss of confidence in despair.,Interpretations (p36) 2. I feel unequipped by education for problems that lie out side the cloistered, literary domain in which I am competent and at home. The author
7、 felt that he didnt have the chance to develop those skills or acquire the ability to solve practical problems at university. What he learned was literature that was his field.,3. Actually, the main thing left out of my education was a proper love for my own body, because one feared to cherish anyth
8、ing so obviously mortal and prone to sickness. Alan Watts believed that he had missed an important part in his university education, i.e. the love for his own body. In his opinion, this was a very common problem in education because people did not dare to love it as it was so easy to get sick, and s
9、o short-lived. 4. Works indeed of genius fall under no art; heroic minds come under no rule Both genius and heroes are creative people. Creativity cannot be duplicated or copied through learning rules or teaching in university education.,5. But university training is the great ordinary means to a gr
10、eat but ordinary end; it aims at raising the intellectual tone of society, at cultivating the public mind, at purifying the national taste, at supplying true principles to popular enthusiasm and fixed aims to popular aspiration, at giving enlargement and sobriety to the ideas of the age, at facilita
11、ting the exercise of political power, and refining the intercourse of private life. It is the education which gives a man a clear conscious view of his own opinions and judgments, a truth in developing them, an eloquence in expressing them, and a force in urging them. It teaches him to see things as
12、 they are, to go right to the point, to disentangle a skein of thought, to detect what is sophistical, and to discard what is irrelevant. It prepares him to fill any post with credit, and to master any subject with facility. It shows him how to accommodate himself to others, how to throw himself int
13、o their state of mind, how to bring before them his own, how to influence them, how to come to an understanding with them, how to bear with them. University education is both great and ordinary. Its greatness lies,in its power to change people, and its ordinariness lies in its basic ways of educatin
14、g people. Its aims are raising intellectual level of society, cultivating civilization in the public, improving a nations taste, establishing a sound value system for a nations people regarding what is the goal of life, preserving valuable elements of a nations cultural tradition, promoting democrac
15、y in political life, and improving peoples private life. Education can help people recognize and understand themselves in their opinions and judgments, give people chances to discover truth of life, improve their power of expressing their thoughts and ideas, raise their ability to pursue truth. Educ
16、ation can teach people to be good, true, and pursue beauty of life so that they will have power to execute their goals independently, to distinguish the truth form falsity, and the possible from the impossible. A well educated person is someone who is cable of confidently handling challenges in life, and solving problems effectively. He is willing to change his own idea to make compromise with others; he is able to put himself into others shoes, he is able to influence other people,
