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1、大学英语四级阅读辅导 深度阅读 篇,Reading in Depth,单词不懂怎么办？,1,为什么单词都懂还是错？,2,3,4,5,正确选项的特征,一、单词不懂怎么办？,在四级阅读考试出题的时候，出题人考查单词通常有以下三个目的： 考查在有生词的情况下，考生能否理解句子的意思； 考查考生是否真正理解认识的单词； 利用阅读文章中的生词，考查考生的词汇量,出题人通过阅读考查单词的时候，关注的并不是考生是否认识所有的单词，而是在有生词的情况下，考生是否能够根据该词的上下文推测、理解句意。 上帝把所有的门关上后，总会给你留下一扇窗。 The moment the God closes the door
2、, he leaves a window open for you. 在难词、生词较多的地方，出题人会给我们留下一扇解题之窗。,英语中的单词，只有在一定的上下文(context)中才能表示一个确定的词义。因此，根据生词与上下文的关系，就可以推测该词的意思。利用上下文推测词义可以根据以下几条线索。 直接解释 近义复述 比较举例 反义对照 因果和时间 情景、经验与常识,直接解释,某些难词和偏词不易被读者理解，作者常会直接解释该词，或通过同位语直接给出定义，或使用定于从句加以说明。 在下定义时，作者往往会使用一些信号词，如：isare, that is, e.g., called, meaning,
3、 or, defined as, in another word, put another way等；或利用标点符号，如：分号、破折号和括号等。 请看以下几例：,Form the shelf above him, the old man took down a phialfail, a small glass bottle used to keep liquids, and he placed it on the table in front of him. Several other gases, such as argon, neon, krypton, xenonzenn , compr
4、ise the remaining one percent of the volume of dry air. .dulesns The period of adolescence, i.e., the period between childhood and adulthood , may be long or short, depending on social expectations and on societys definitions as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood.,3题,近义复述 有时作者喜欢用和生词意义相近的词语来复
5、述该词。,It is difficult to list all of my fathers attributes because he has so many different talents and abilities. .pnsi He sold a panacea that he claimed was good for relieving stomach distress, headaches, fever, muscular disorders, seasickness and every other diseases. mitikjuls Being a meticulous
6、typist, my secretary is very conscientious about correcting even the smallest error. .kniens,3题,比较举例,根据作者提供的比较物或例举物之间的共性，可以推知生词的含义。 用于比较的举例的指示词有：such as, like, for example等。 练习：,Condiment, such as salt, pepper, sauce, and mustard, is the very thing a cook turns to if he wants make the dishes taste b
7、etter. lukweis Susan was the most loquacious man I d ever met. He talked with everyone on the ship, and he always had something to say, no matter what the topic.,2题,反义对照,作者有时使用although, but, however, on the other hand等带有转折语气的信号词，提醒读者注意一些意义相反的词语或概念。 练习,Although a larger number of people think the man
8、 to be guilty, I believe him to be innocent of the crime. Some people like to walk quickly home after work, but I prefer to stroll home and look at the store windows along the way. Their leader remained intrepid even in the face of great dangers.,3题,因果和时间,事物发展的因与果、时间顺序的先与后，都有必然的逻辑关系。根据这种关系可推测上下文中的词义
9、。 练习,Luther was vary sad when his grandfather died, but thanks to the inheritance his grandfather left him, he could afford to go to college. pndimni:m There was pandemonium among the workers when the company announced it was cutting wages. The game will be in the bag if our pitcher doesnt hurt his
10、arm again.,3题,情景、经验与常识,有些生词可以根据它们出现在文中的情景去理解，也可以结合读者自己的经验和常识来判断。如果读到与自己专业知识相近的文章，生词则更容易理解了。 练习,Fictions can also be classified into different groups according to the size, namely, novels, novelettes and short stories. Mr. Brown ran into a pedestrian with his car when it got out of control and drove
11、onto the sidewalk.,2题，下页为单词,Word List 额外成就感,expert financial debate defence immigrant /emigrant ambitious psychological representative,n.专家，能手 a. 财政的，金融的 n./v. 辩论；讨论 n. 防卫，防卫物 n. 移民 a. 有野心的，有抱负的 a. 心理（学）的 n. 代表；代理人； a.有代表性的，典型的,主页面,二、为什么单词都懂还是错？,在单词都懂的情况下，题目还是做错可能由于以下原因： 常用的英语词汇往往都有一个以上的含义，当考查的是熟词偏义
12、，就有可能对选项的判断造成影响。 出题人对选项进行了修饰，通过填词、减词或换词的手法，使选项的意思发生变化，无法与原文构成真正的同义替换关系。,练习,Gene Cohen, acting director of the same institute, suggests that people in their old age should engage in mental and physical activities individually as well as in groups. Cohen says that we are frequently advised to keep phy
13、sically active as we age, but older people need to keep mentally active as well. Those who do are more likely to maintain their intellectual abilities and to be generally happier and better adjusted. “The point is, you need to do both,” Cohen says. “Intellectual activity influences brain-cell health
14、 and size.”,解析,本题题目与原文都没有涉及较难的单词。但出题人在题干中巧妙地设置了一个副词generally(通常)，使题干的意思变成：老年人通常被建议做什么？ B、D的内容实际上是Cohen提出的建议，而非“通常”的建议。因此A为正确答案。题干与原文的对应关系如下： as we age 当我们年龄增长 older people老年人 are frequently advised to are generally advised to 常常被建议 通常被建议 to keep physically active going in for physical activities 积极锻
15、炼身体 参加身体锻炼,解析：,这道题你做对了吗？,We can see how the product life cycle works by looking at the introduction of instant coffee. When it was introduced, most people did not like it as well as “regular” coffee, and it took several years to gain general acceptance (introduction stage). At one point, though, ins
16、tant coffee grew rapidly in popularity and many brands were introduced (stage of rapid growth). After a while people became attached to one brand and sales leveled off (stage of maturity). Sales went into a slight decline（衰退） when freeze-dried coffees were introduced (stage of decline).,According to the passage, when people grow fond of one particular brand of a product, its sales will _. A)
