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1、情态动词have done,can/could/may/might have done (1) 都表示对过去所发生的事情的推测。意为“也许可能已经” 。 肯定句: may/might/could have done (can have done) 否定句: cant/couldnt/may not/might not have done 疑问句: Can/Could/Might have done? (Mayhave done?),Shes two hours latewhat can/could have happened? Can/Could he have missed her trai
2、n? Yes, she may/might have. She may/might/could have overslept and got up too late. Might I have lost it somewhere? Compare:,He cant/couldnt/may not/might not have gone out because the lights on. (现在对过去的推测) I thought he couldnt/might not have gone out because the light was on. (过去对过去之前的推测) I thought
3、 it might rain. (It may rain.) I asked if it could rain. (Can it rain?) (过去对过去将来的推测),My wifes in hospital our baby could/may/might arrive at any time. (现在对将来的推测) What do you think that noise was? It may/might/could have been a cat. (现在对过去的推测) What do you think that noise is? It may/might/could be a
4、cat. (can) (现在对现在的推测),(2) could/might have done 还表示过去本能够本可以做某事是而实际没有做，有时含有“责备”之意。 In my view, the accident could/might have been prevented. You could/might have told me about it earlier. (3) could/might have done 还表示过去本会发生某事而幸好没有发生。,You were stupid to try climbing up there. You could/might have kill
5、ed yourself. You shouldnt have run across the road without looking round. You might/could have been knocked down by a car. (4) could/might have done 还用于虚拟语气中。表示“过去本会做某事”而没有做。,If he had not been busy then, he could/might (也可用would) have helped me. =He could/might/would have helped me, but he was busy
6、 then. =He was busy then. Otherwise/Or/Or else he could/might/would have helped me. He could/might/would have helped me, even if he was busy.,I could/might/would not have finished it in time without your help.,2. must have done 表示对过去所发生的事情的肯定推测,意为“肯定一定做了或发生了某事” 。 只用于肯定句中。 Someone must have opened th
7、e cage the lion couldnt have escaped on its own. I didnt hear the phone. I must have been asleep.,Compare: Was that the manager who walked by? It must have been./No, it cant have been. Is that the postman who is knocking at the door? It must be./It cant be.,3. should/ought to have done 表示过去本应该做某事而实际
8、上没有做，含有“责备”之意。 The plants dead. Maybe I should have given it more water. I know I ought not to have taken the money. Compare:,Compare: We didnt exercise much, but we really ought to have/should have. We dont exercise much, but we really ought to/should. (2) 表示对过去所发生的事情的推测,意为“应该会”，“理应会” 。 Its eight o
9、clock. He should have arrived here (should be here) by now.,That was disappointing we should have won that game easily. (3) 有时表示对将来要发生的事情的推测。 I should have finished reading it by Friday.,4. neednt have done 表示过去本不需要做某事而实际上做了。 There was plenty of time. I neednt have hurried. (But I hurried.) Compare:
10、 There was plenty of time, so I didnt need to hurry. (So I didnt hurry.) Compare:,Theres plenty of time, so I neednt hurry. (now),With so many problems _ (solve), the manager couldnt sleep well. With so many problems _ (solve), the manager could sleep well now. With prices _ (go) up so fast, we cant
11、 afford luxuries. She knew that with him _ (help) him, she could and would succeed.,to solve,solved,going up,to help/helping, _(由于经理生病不在), the meeting had to be put off. _(由于生产增长了), the company has had another excellent year. (3) 伴随方式,With the manager away ill,With production up by 60%,12. Daisy tur
12、ned round and saw she was being watched by an excited elephant. excite vt. 使某人兴奋激动 excited adj. 感到激动的（人） exciting adj. 令人激动的 （事） Ive got some very _ news for you. The _ children were opening their Christmas presents.,exciting,excited,定语,定语,13. and they set the number of animals to be hunted. (1) set vt. 确定(时间价格数量等) Have you set a date/time for your wedding yet? The price was set at $ 1000. (2) to be hunted 将被猎杀的 (=that were to be hunted (不定式被动语态作定语，表被动和将来),
