《初高衔接语法：专题一句子成分》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《初高衔接语法：专题一句子成分（8页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、1初高衔接语法：十大词类（Parts of Speech） 一、英语十大词类词类 意义 例词名词 n 表示人或事物的名称 car, mouth, year冠词 art 用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或物 a, an, the代词 pron 用来代替名词、形容词或数词 we, his, him, mine形容词 adj 用来修饰名词，表示名词的特征 red, long, angry数词 num 表示数量或顺序 three, second动词 v 表示动作或状态 hear, see, sing副词 adv 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词 early, then, soon介词 prep 表示名词、代词
2、等和其他词的关系 from, on, for, with连词 conj 用来连接词与词、短语与短语、句与句 and, or, because感叹词 interj 表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感 oh, well, hey二、英语中的人称代词主格 宾格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 反身代词I me my mine myselfwe us Our ours ourselvesyou you your yours yourselfyou you your yours yourselveshe him his his himselfshe her her hers herselfit it its
3、 its itselfthey them their theirs themselves作主语 作宾语 作定语 作主语/表语/宾语 作表语/宾语/同位语初高衔接语法：句子成分 2句子成分：组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。 英语中共有八大句子成分：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语和同位语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。表语、宾语、宾语补足语都是谓语的组成部分。1、主语：是表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“ 什么事物”。一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语和从句等充当。Jenny is an English teacher. Jenny 是英语教师He teaches English i
4、n No. 5 Middle School. 他在五中教英语。To be a good teacher is not easy. 要当一位好老师并不容易。Her beloved died in the war. 她敬爱的人死于战场。What he said is reasonable. 他说的话有道理。2、谓语：是说明主语“做什么”、 “是什么”或者“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里的主要词）用动词。谓语和主语在“人称” 和“ 数”两个方面必须保持一致。 We love China. 我热爱中国。 Mr. Cheng hopes to be a good teacher.程先生希望当一位好教师。3、
5、表语：是说明主语是什么或者怎么样。由名词、代词、数词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词、短语或从句等充当，和连系动词一起构成谓语。 My father is a teacher. 我父亲是教师。Are you ready? 你准备好了吗？His work is to teach English . 他的工作是教英语。 Thats what I should do. 这是我应该做的。4、宾语：是表示动作行为的对象。由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词或相当于名词的词、短语或从句等充当宾语，和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。 He often helps me. 他经常帮助我。 We study Engl
6、ish at school.我们在学校学习英语。I wish to be a good teacher. 我希望成为一位好教师。We enjoy sharing their work experience我们喜欢分享他们的工作经验。We seldom realize that many plants actually come from countries far away我们很少有人知道很多植物来自远方的国家。5、宾语补足语：是用来对宾语进行补充说明。作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词（短语） 、过去分词（短语）和动词不定式（短语） 。 We made him monit
7、or. 我们选他当班长。 He often makes his mother angry. 他经常惹妈妈生气。 Who took my bag away by mistake? 谁误拿了我的书包？When he came to life, he found himself in hospital. 当她醒来的时候发现自己住院了。3I heard her singing when I went by the room. 我从房间旁边路过的时候听见他在唱歌。He had his hair cut yesterday. 他昨天请人理了发。The teacher told us to study ha
8、rd. 老师叫我们好好学习。6、定语：是用来修饰名词或代词。作定语的除形容词外，还有代词、数词、名词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词、短语或从句等。 The red bike is mine. 红色的自行车是我的。We have four lessons in the morning. 我们上午四节课。What is your name？你叫什么名字？ This is the desk whose leg is broken.这就那张断腿的课桌。7、状语：是用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、程度等意义，通常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词、短语或从句等来充当状语。We
9、 are working hard. 我们学习很努力。 She is very beautiful. 她长得很漂亮。They had a meeting this afternoon. 今天下午我们开会了。He comes to study English every day. 他每天来这里学英语。There are lots of sheep where I live. 我住的地方有很多绵羊。8同位语：主要用作对名词做进一步解释。它可以是单词、短语或从句。Mao Zedong, a great leader, led the Chinese in founding the Peoples R
10、epublic of China. 毛泽东一位伟大的领袖带领中国人建立了中华人民共和国。He asked me a question whether I liked English. 他问了我一个问题我是否喜欢英语。4句子成分练习 一、划出下列句子的主语 (subject)1. The sun rises in the east. 2. He likes dancing. 3. Two will be enough.4. Seeing is believing. 6. To see is to believe. 7. When to hold the meeting has not been
11、decided yet. 8. What he needs is a book. 9. It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. 当不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用 it 作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时 it 只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。先划出下列句子的真正的主语，然后翻译下列句子1) It is wrong to tell a lie. 2) It is no use arguing about it. 3) It is unc
12、ertain who will come. 二、划出下列句子的表语 (predicative)1. He is a teacher.2. My idea is this.3. She was the first to arrive.4. I feel much better today.5. He is out of danger.6. The news was exciting.7. What surprised me most was that he spoke Chinese so well.三、划出下列句子的宾语 (object)1. She lived a happy life.2.
13、 I love you.3. We need two.4. Do you mind my opening the door?5. He began to learn English a year ago. 6. He did not know what to say. 7. Did you write down what she said? 8. She felt it her duty to take good care of them.5四、划出下列句子的宾语补足语 (object complement)1. I consider Jim a good friend.2. I always
14、 find her happy.3. People praised him as a hero.4. I had the TV fixed.5. I saw him entering the building.6. What made you think so?7. Do you want me to go?五、划出下列句子的定语 (attribute)1. Its a red car.2. They live in the room above.3. My brother is a teacher.4. We belong to the third world.5. Lucys father
15、 is a poor worker.6. Mother made a birthday cake for me.7. The man under the tree is my teacher.8. The swimming boy is my brother.9. I liked the food cooked by my mother.10. There are two things to be discussed today.11. Will you tell us about your teaching plan?12. This is the very book that I need
16、. 六、划出下列句子的状语 (adverbial)1. He is often late for class.2. We saw that picture at the cinema.3. He sat there smoking.4. They returned tired and hungry. 5. They did everything they could to save the boys life. 6. Although he is young, he knows a lot.7. The box is so heavy that I cant lift it. 8. While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. 9. He was angry because we were late10. If
