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1、A Practical Course of Translation Lecture 6 Amplification and Omission,Part 1 Amplification in English-Chinese Translation Part 2 Amplification in Chinese-English Translation Part 3 Omission in English-Chinese Translation Part 4 Omission in Chinese-English Translation,Teaching Outline,Part I Amplifi
2、cation in E-C Translation,By amplification, also called addition, means supplying necessary words in our translation work on the basis of accurate comprehension of the original so as to make the version correct and clear, to make it appear more like the language translated into. A translator should
3、try to supply necessary words to make his version both accurate in meaning and in keeping with the idiomatic use of the target language. It is for the purpose of faithful representation of the thought of the author that we often resort to “amplification”.,Examples,1）How she wished she could send tha
4、t man to the Furiesfor the punishment she thought he deserved. 他真想把那个 臭 男人交给那母夜叉去整治整治 , 也好让她出口恶气。 Furies 希神 复仇女神 ( 以清算罪恶为职责 , 被描绘成庄严、美丽的女郎) 根据意义或修辞上的需要以及惯用法的需要，增译的情况可以概括为以下12种：,1. Adding verbs,英语中重复用词的情况较少，而汉语有时为了达到一定的修辞效果，经常使用重叠或排比句，翻译成汉语时需要在名词前增加动词。 1) In the evening, after the banquets , the conc
5、erts and the table tennis exhibitions , he would work on the drafting of the final communiqu. 晚上在（参加）宴会、（出席）音乐会、（观看）乒乒球表演之后，他还得起草最后公报。 2) Matter can be changed into energy, and energy into matter. 物质可以转换成能量，能量可以转化为物质。 3) My work, my family and my friends were more than enough to fill my time. 我干工作，做
6、家务， 朋友往来，这些占用了我的全部时间。,2. Adding adj.,1) With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism. 中国人民正在以多么 高的 热情建设社会主义啊！ 2) It will make a man of him in the college. 在那所大学里，一定能把他造就成 堂堂的 男子汉。,根据原文的上下文，有些动词在一定的场合可增加适当的副词，以确切表达原意。 1) After the thunderstorm, the clouds melted away. 雷雨过后，乌云 渐渐 散去。
7、 2) Now and then, his boots shone. 他的靴子时时 闪闪 发光。 3）As he sat down and began talking, words pour out. 他一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝地讲个没完。,3. Adding adv.,4.1 在不及物动词后增加名词 由于英语中有及物动词和不及物动词之分，有时宾语隐藏在动词后面，翻译成汉语时需要把宾语补充出来。 To do some shopping 买 东西 To do some washing 洗 衣服 He ate and drank, for he was exhausted. 由于疲倦了，他吃了些
8、东西，喝了点酒。 2) The invading troops looted and raped wherever they went. 入侵士兵到处抢劫 财物 ，奸污 妇女。 3) Day after day he came to his work- sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning. 他每天来干活- 扫地，擦地板，收拾房间。,4. Adding nouns.,4.2 在形容词前增加名词 1) “It is really nice and cheap . You will regret for not buying it later.” 这真是物美价廉，你不买会后悔
9、的。 2) She was walking in the street alone, weary and ragged. 她独自一人走在大街上 , 面容 憔悴， 衣衫 烂篓。 3) She is extroverted, smiling all the day. 她 性格 开朗，整天 面 带笑容。,4.3 在抽象名词后增加名词： 某些由动词或形容词派生出来的抽象名词，翻译时可根据上下文在其后面增添适当的名词，使译文更符合汉语习惯，表达更为准确。 to prepare 准备 preparation 准备工作 to resolve 解决 resolution 解决方案 backward 落后 ba
10、ckwardness 落后状态 tense 紧张 tension 紧张气氛 arrogant 自满 arrogance 自满情绪 mad 疯狂 madness 疯狂行为 patriotic 爱国的 patriotism 爱国热情 necessary 必要 necessity 必要性,Examples,1) The remedies you proposed are neat and easy but impossible. 你提的补救措施倒是干净利落，轻而易举，但是行不通。 2) From the evaporation of water people know that liquids ca
11、n turn into gases under certain condition. 人们从水的蒸发现象了解到，液体在一定条件下能变成气体。,5. 增加表示复数的词： (1) 增加重叠词表示复数 Flowers bloom all over the yard. （朵朵） Newsmen went flying off to Iraq to get the latest news. （记者纷纷） There were rows of houses which he ad never seen before. （一排排） (2)增加数词或其他词 The lion is the king of an
12、imals. （ 百 兽之王） The very earth trembled as with the tramps of horses and murmur of angry men. 连大地都震动了，仿佛 万 马奔腾， 千 夫怒吼。 The US had a brief period of regional feudalism during the period of slavery in the southern states. 南方 各 州,6. 增加表达时间的词：英语动词随时态的变化而变化，而汉语动词没有词形的变化，但有时为了表达的需要和准确性，需要增加一些表示时间的词如：曾，曾经，
13、已经，过了，了，那时，此时，当时，在，正在 , 着，将要，就要，就会，便等。 6.1 对某种时间概念作强调时，往往要加一些词 1） I had known two great social systems. 那时以前，我就经历过两大社会制度。 2） Whereas Kissinger had once needed Nixon as a channel to power, Nixon now needed Kissinger to help him remain in power. 当年 ，基辛格 曾 需要尼克松的援引而获得权势，而今（如今），尼克松需要基辛格帮他继续掌权。,6. 增加表达时间
14、的词,6.2 强调时间上的对比时，往往需要加一些词 1) They say his father was a fisherman. Maybe he was as poor as we are. 从前 他爸爸是个渔夫，他 过去 跟我们 现在 一样穷。 2) My father is cooking, but my mother watching TV. 我爸爸在煮饭，而妈妈 正 看电视。 3) I knew it quite well as I know it now. 我当时（过去）就跟现在一样清楚。 4) I was, and remain, grateful for the part h
15、e played in my release. 我的获释是他成全的，对此我过去很感激，现在仍然很感激。,7. 增加语气词,汉语中的语气词很多，如：的，吧，呢，啊，呀，嘛，啦，了，罢了，而已，在翻译时，需要在准确理解原文意义和修辞色彩的基础上增加适当的语气词。 1) Dont take it seriously. Im just making fun of you. 不要认真嘛，我只不过开开玩笑罢了（而已）。 2) As for her, she did not love her from the very beginning. 她呢，从一开始就没爱过他 3) That shop has bee
16、n moved for ages, dont you know? （难道）,8. 增加量词：英语中数词与可数名词直接连用，而汉语必须借助量词，因此，翻译时需要增加量词。 1. A bike 一辆自行车 a desk 一张书桌 a tractor 一台拖拉机 A bad dream 一场噩梦 An apartment 一套公寓 a full moon 一轮满月 1) A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea. 一轮红日从风平浪静的海面冉冉升起。 2) A stream was winding its way through the valley into the river. 一弯 溪水蜿蜒流过山谷，会合到江里去了。 3) This too was a complete lie. 那是一 派 胡言。,9.增加根据上下文需要及反映背景情况的词,In April, there was the “Ping” heard around the world. In July, the ping “ponged”. 四月里，全世界听到中
