《名词性从句_语法讲解好》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《名词性从句_语法讲解好（44页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、名词性从句,一.related conception (相关概念),1.名词:,表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。,2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分?,名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。,The boy is li Ming.,主语,表语,Mr. Liang , a 24-year-old boy, teaches us English .,主语,同位语,宾语,在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。,3.什么是名词性从句?,名词性从句,主语从句 ( The Subject Clause),宾语从句 ( The Obje
2、ct Clause),表语从句 ( The Predicative Clause),同位语从句 ( The Appositive Clause),主语从句 在复合句中作主句的主语. 引导词有连词that (that 不可省略), whether; 连接代词有who, what ,which; 连接副词 when ,where, how, why 等.如:,1).连接词: that, whether,He is a famous singer. It is known to us.,He is a famous singer is known to us.,错,That he is a famo
3、us singer is known to us.,(It is known to us that he is a famous singer.),Will we visit the Great Wall tomorrow?,It has not been decided.,Whether we will visit the Great Wall has not been decided.,He will win the game.,It is certain.,Will he win the game?,It is not certain.,That he will win the game
4、 is certain.,It is certain that he will win the game.,Whether he will win the game is not certain.,2).连接代词: who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever,whatever, whichever,Whose bag is it ? It cant be told.,Whose bag it is cant be told.,What does he need? It is money.,What he needs is money.,无论你刚才说什么都是对的
5、.,Whatever you said is all right.,3).连接副词: when, where, why, how, how many, how much how long, how soon, how often,When will we start tomorrow? It will be told soon.,When we will start tomorrow will be told soon.,我们将怎样制定计划已经被老师解释清楚了.,How we will make the plan has been explained clearly by the teache
6、r.,为什么他来这里还是不被人所知道.,Why he comes here is not known.,1.为什么有时侯用that, whether,有时侯用连接代词 , 或着有时候用连接副词?,2.它的语序有没有变化?,2.总结:,1).主语从句一律用陈述句语序,即主语在前,谓 语在后.,2).连接词that在从句中无实际意义,起引导作用, 不作任何成分,但不能省略.,When will he come is not known.,错误,When he will come is not known.,He will not come to the meeting this evening i
7、s true.,错误,That he will not come to the meeting this evening is true.,但是 what is the matter 和 what is wrong 不可改变语序,3).whether可以引导主语从句 解释为”是否”,但if不能.,4).whoever, whatever, whichever等词可以引导主语从句, 但no matter who, no matter what 等不能,它们只能引导让步状语从句.,5).为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语. 例: It is well
8、known/reported/thought/said/ that It is clear/necessary/certain/true/doubtful/ that It is a pity/a shame/an honour/ that It doesnt matter whether/ It seems that It happens that,单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。,Where and when he was born has not been found.,When the person was mur
9、dered and why he was murdered are still unknown.,注意:在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气 “(should) +do”，常用的句型有：,It is necessary essential Its important, Its natural Its strange, etc.) that ,We believe (that) he is honest. I told him (that) I would come back soon. He said (that)he would go there t
10、he next day and that his family wouldnt go there.(第二个不能省),宾语从句 在复合句中作主句的宾语,放在实义动词或介词的后面.引导词有连词that (that 常可省略),whether, if; 代词有who, whose,what ,which; 副词有when ,where, how, why 等.如:,总结:,2.注意点,1).宾语从句一律用陈述句的语序.,2).引导宾语从句的连词that也无实际意义,多数 情况下可以省略.,3).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句,但二者用法不同.,1.宾语从句的引导词: 宾语从句的连接词与引导主
11、语从句的连接词相同.,只能用whether不能用if的情况,1.在介词后面： Im thinking of whether we should go fishing. We didnt think about whether it would rain the next day. 2.在动词不定式前： They asked me whether to sit at the front.,3.当与or not连用，或提出两种选择 时: I dont know whether hes free or not. Mary asked whether I was doing my homework o
12、r not. Tell me whether youd like to go shopping or tidy the room. 4.宾语从句提前时： Whether this is true or not, I cant say.,5.在动词discuss后的宾语从句中: We discussed whether we would have a sports meeting next week. 6.引导表语从句Appositive clause,或位于句首的主语从句用whether： Whether he is right or wrong is a question. The ques
13、tion was whether he went there last night.,(4)用if不用whether的情况:,1.引导否定概念的宾语从句时： He asked me if I hadnt finished my homework. 2.引导条件状语从句，if意为“如果”时: Well go hiking if it doesnt rain tomorrow.,if / whether 1. I asked her _ she had a bike. 2._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the
14、weather. 3. Were worried about _ he is safe. 4. I dont know _ he is well or not. 5. I dont know _ or not he is well. 6. The question is _ he should do it. 7.The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon. 8. I dont know _ to go. 9._ you are not free tomorrow, Ill go withou
15、t you.,if / whether,Whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,If,5).that在宾语从句中的省略与保留,(1).在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语) 的句型中不省略.,例: We must make it clear that we mean what we say.,(2).由连词and连接的两个以上由that引导的宾语从句中,第一个that 可以省略,第二that及以后的都不能省.,He told me (that) he would come and that he wou
16、ld come on time. (3)that一般不充当介词宾语偶尔可作 except, in ,but的宾语;其他介词后要用that 从句作宾语须用it作形式宾语.,He has made _clear _he will not give in . Well see to _ _she gets home early . I hatedislike _when someone smokes in the office. Ill appreciate _ if you come to our party. They took_ for granted _ you knew the fact.,it,that,it,that,it,it,it,th
