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1、非谓语动词 语法讲解,I.非谓语动词时态、语态形式对照表：,2.非谓语动词在句中可作的语法成份,1.非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等.,1.To see you is glad. =Its glad to see you. 2.I want to see you. 3.I want him to see you. 4.My hope is to see you. 5.He is the man to see you. 6.Im glad to see you. 7.I went to see you. 8.He went so early as to see
2、you,（作主语）,(作宾语）,（作宾补）,(作表语）,（作定语）,（作原因状语）,（作目的状语）,（作结果状语）,1.Swimming is his favourite sport. 2.He enjoys swimming. 3.I found him swimming in the river. 4.His favourite sport is swimming. 5.He is the man swimming in the river just now. 6. Swimming in Summer ,we can get cool.,(作主语）,(作宾语）,(作宾补）,(作表语）,(
3、作定语）,(作状语）,1.This cup is broken. 2.This is a broken cup. 3.I found the cup broken. 4.Broken by Tom, the cup cant be used. 过去分词一般不作主语、宾语.,(作表语,(作表语）,(作宾语补足语）,(作状语）,3.分词的用法比较 A.在时态上 1.China is a developing country =a country which is developing. 2.Japan is a developed country =a country which has deve
4、loped. 3.I found him gone. =that he had gone.(表完成）,ing分词表“进行” ed分词表“完成”,B.在语态上，ing分词表“主动”，ed分词表“被动”（多为及物动词）,1.I saw him writing a short novel. =that he was writing a short novel. 2.He was reading a novel written by Charles Dickens. =which was written by Charles Dichens. 在概念上，ing.表“抽象、习惯”,不定式表“具体、偶然、
5、将来”. *Swimming (抽象）is my favourite sport and I like swimming(习惯）every day, but I dont like to swim(具体）today, I would like to swim(将来）tomorrow.,C.分词的完成式一般不用来作定语，只能用作状语.,The platform having been built will be used to perform on. 1.The platform built will be used to perform on. The platform which has b
6、een built will be used to perform on. 2. Having given her opinion about the building, she left the meeting. Having been used for a long time, the computer needs repairing.,作 定 语,作 状 语,D.ed+主句（不强调时间先后）;Being ed+主句（强调主句和从句动作同时发生）;Having been ed+主句（强调时间先后）如不强调时间先后可用ed,一般式来代替.,1.Used as a means of traff
7、ic in China,the bike is very useful. Written in simple English, the book is easy to read 2. Being used by me now,the bike cant be lent to you. 3. Having been used for many years, the bike needs repairing. Having been told several times, 可以写成=Told several times,he couldnt,understand what I meant.,4.非
8、谓语动词的用法区别 不定式和动名词作宾语的区别：,.下列动词常用不定式作宾语： aim ,ask, dare ,appear, arrange ,demand, help, hesitate, pay, plan, wait, fail, seek, prepare, happen, mean, prove, expect, wish, hope, decide, refuse, offer, learn, agree, choose, promise, pretend, manage, care, determine, afford等。 如：He offered to help us . I
9、 didnt expect to find you here They refused to accept his invitation The little boy pretended to be asleep when his mother came in,(2)下列动词通常用ing形式作宾语：,admit, report, appreciate, deny, explain, mention, resist, stand, stop, imagine, recall, suggest, mind, finish, enjoy, keep, practise, miss, avoid, d
10、elay, excuse, escape, consider, advise等。 如 ：1）Would you mind my smoking here ? 2） The girl was told to practise playing the piano for three hours every day 3）Good news keeps coming. Tina suggested spending the weekend on her farm,(3)下列动词接不定式与接ing形式意义相近：,like，love, hate, dislike, begin, start, prefer
11、，continue, intend，attempt等. e.g：I prefer making (to make) an outline before I do my oral composition We all like playing (to play) table tennis 但也有细微区别： *指具体某次的行为常用不定式，指惯常的行为常用ing形式. 如：I like reading books of this kind(惯常行为) I hate to say so，but really I cant go with you(具体某次行为),I prefer to stay at
12、home today(具体某次行为) He prefers walking to cycling(惯常行为) *一般说来不能用于进行时的动词如：realize，know，understand，see，lose等，多用不定式 如：I began to realize I had been wrong. We hate to lose the chance . Now we are beginning to see it more clearly.,(4)下列动词接不定式与接ing形式意义不同：,stop to do 停下(正在做的事)去做另一件事 / stop doing 停下正在做的事 e.g
13、.：Seeing an old man carrying a big bag, I stopped to help him Hearing the bell ,the students stopped playing and ran into the classroom forget to do忘记做某事(此事未做)/ forget doing忘记曾做过某事(此事已做) He forgot to post the letter when he walked past the post office Ill never forget seeing him for the first time,r
14、emember to do记得要做某事(此事未做)/ remember doing记得某事已做过(此事已做) e.g.：I remember seeing her once somewhere You must remember to take your umbrella when you leave home go on to do继续做另一件事 go on doing接着做同一件事 e.g. ：She stood up and shook hands with me, and then she went on writing something AfterIfinishedmyhomewo
15、rk,1wentontoreadthenovel try to do企图想做某事 try doing试着做某事(看看有什么后果发生) e.g. ：We tried to persuade him to go with us, but he wouldnt listen Lets try doing the work some other way.,mean to do (意思是) 打算做某事 mean doing意味着做某事 e.g. ：Revolution means librating the productive force Sorry ,I didnt mean to hurt you
16、 regret to do遗憾地做某事(通常后接say ,tell等动词)/ regret doing后悔做了某事 e.g. ：I regret to tell that you didnt pass the exam again He regretted having told her the bad news,(5)动词如： (permit ,allow，admit，forbid，imagine，consider) advise sb to do sthadvise doing sth,advise sb to do sth e.g. ：The doctor advised me not to go to bed too late. Please permit me to introduce myself to you first You surely cant consider him to be
