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1、动词时态与语态,江西莲塘二中 周娟,一.时态,在英语中,在不同的时间里以不同方式发生的动作或存在的状态要用动词不同的形式表示出来,动词的这种不同形式构成了动词的时态.,时态表work,时态表,常用的11种动词时态可以通过下图直观展示:,现在,将来,过去,过去完成时,过去将来时,过去进行时,现在完成进行时,现在完成时,现在进行时,一般现在时,一般过去时,将来完成时,一般将来时,将来进行时,专题一,一般现在时 ，现在进行时，现在完成时,（一）一般现在时,1.表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态，通常与usually, often, always, sometimes, every day, once
2、a week等时间状语连用，有时也可不加这类状语。 He always helps others. 2.表示客观事实或普通真理。 The earth moves around the sun.,3.表示按规定、计划或时间表将要发生的事，通常限于表示“运动”的短暂性动词，如go, come,leave,start,begin,arrive,take off等，其后常跟表示将来的时间状语。在这种情况下，一般现在时表示的是一般将来时的意义。 He comes back home tomorrow.,4.在有连词when, as soon as, before, until, if等引导的表示未来行为
3、的时间或条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时。 但应注意，主句的谓语动词必须用一般将来时。 As soon as he comes here, he will go to visit you.,（二）现在进行时,1.表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。 They are having an English class today. 2.表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻这一动作不一定在进行。 The Chinese are eating more meat now than they used to. 3.在时间、条件状语从句中，有时可用现在进行时代替一般将来时。 When you are p
4、assing my way, please drop in.,4.现在进行时与always, all the time, forever, constantly等词连用，表示感叹，惊讶,赞许，厌恶等情感. He is always thinking of others first. 5.连系动词be的一般时有进行时的含义. She is at work. 所以be动词一般不用进行时,但如果表示短暂的行为或表示“故意如此”也可以用进行时。,(三).现在完成时,1.强调过去的行为对现在的影响. The young man has joined the army. 2.表示过去的某一动作一直持续到现
5、在。 I have worked here for five years. 3.表示经历过的事情. I have only been to the Green Wall once. 4.在时间状语,条件状语等从句中，代替将来完成时. Ill go with you as soon as I have finished my work.,基础过关训练,.基础巩固 用所给动词的适当形式填空. 1.He always _ to work late, which makes the boss angry and disappointed. (go) 2.Now watch carefully and
6、see what _ in the experiment. (happen) 3.Someone _ at the door. It might be the postman. (knock) 4.The manager _. If only you had come a moment earlier! (leave),goes,is happening,is knocking,has left,疑难易错归纳,疑难点一.一般现在时态替代其他时态 1.代替一般过去时. 表示“书上说”“报纸上说”等。 叙述往事,使其生动。 The newspaper says that its going to
7、be cold tomorrow.,2.代替现在完成时,其动词多为:hear, tell, learn, write, forget, know, find, say, remember等. I hear (have heard) he will go to London. 3.代替现在进行时,常用于“Here comes”“There goes”等句型中。 There goes the bell. 4.代替一般将来时，常用于时间，让步，条件状语从句中。 Unless you overcome that habit, you will be ruined.,疑难点二.不用于进行时态的动词类别,
8、1.短暂性动词类:finish, marry, get up, come, go 等. 2.感官类:see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice等. 3.感觉类:hate, love, fear, like, want, wish, prefer, refuse, forgive等. 4.存在类: be, exist, remain, stay等. 5.占有,从属类: have, possess, own, contain, belong, consist of, form等. 6.认知类: understand, know, believe, think, do
9、ubt, forget, remember 等.,疑难点三.现在进行时表“即将”的用法,有些瞬间动词用于进行时态，往往表示“即将”，常与表示将来时间的状语连用，其动词有:come, go , leave, start, begin, stop, arrive, stay, return, take等. Are you staying in Guangzhou for a week?,疑难点四.have gone to与have been to的用法比较,have gone to 去而未归 have been to 去过已经回来了 It cant be John. He has gone to
10、town. John knows the way well. He has been to the city before.,疑难点五.特殊句式的时态,It/This is /will be the first/second/thirdtime that have/has done It is the first time that Ive been here.,能力提高训练,1. Send my regards to yours lovely wife when you _ home. A. wrote B. will write C. have written D. write 2. No
11、wadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, _ in the clothing industry. A. is working B. works C. work D. worked,D,C,专题二,一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时,(一)一般过去时,1.表示过去某一特定时间发生的动作或所处的状态,常与yesterday, last year, in 2007, a few months ago等表示过去的时间状语连用. Where did you go just now? 2.表示过去某一段时
12、间内经常或反复发生的动作,通常与often, usually等表示频度的副词连用,特别是would/used to do表示的句型，本身表现的就是过去时. He used to visit his mother once a week.,3.在时间,条件状语从句中用来代替过去将来时. Mary had left the keys in the classroom so she had to wait until her mother came home.,(二)过去进行时 1.表示在过去某一时间内正在进行的动作,常与at that time, then, the whole afternoon
13、, at six yesterday, this time yesterday, last night连用. What were you doing last year besides interviewing people?,2.表示在过去某一段时间内正在进行的动作. I was tidying my sitting room the whole morning. 3.表示一个动作发生时,另一个动作正在进行. When he called me yesterday, I was having dinner. 4.表示过去将要发生的动作. He told me he was leaving f
14、or Shanghai tomorrow.,(三)过去完成时,1.表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的动作,即这个动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，这一过去时间可用by, at, before等构成的短语以及由when, before, after, until等引导的从句或上下文来表示。 By the end of last term, I had already learnt 5000 words. 2.用于表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句中。 If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.,3.用在间接引语或
15、宾语从句中，置于said, told, asked, thought, wondered等过去时的动词后面,表示在这些动作发生之前已经发生了的事情. She wondered who had left the door open.,基础过关训练,1.When I was a child, I often _football in the street. (play) 2.He _ TV from 7 to 9 last night. (watch) 3.Whenever the Browns _ during their visit, they were given a warm welcom
16、e. (go) 4.The students did it better than I _. (expect),played,was watching,went,had expected,疑难易错归纳,疑难点一.一般过去时的特殊用法 1.一般过去时的句子有时用地点状语暗示动作发生的时间是过去. -Have you seen a pen? I left it here this morning. -Is it a black one? I think I saw it somewhere.,2.有时句子的其他成分含有的时间也暗示了动作发生在过去. The year 2002 saw remarkable changes in Shanghais landscape. 2002年目睹了上海地貌的巨大变化. 3.在很多情况下,一般过去时的时
