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1、,非谓语动词 The Non-predicate Verbs,非谓语动词的句子成分,定义：不能做谓语的动词,Elements,infinitive,表某一次具体的动作,表将来,表目的,to do,动词不定式,To do that sort of thing is foolish.,I want to see you this evening.,All you have to do is to finish it quickly.,We found a house to live in.,She came here to study English.,I warned the patient n
2、ot to drink cold water after the operation.,主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾补,作主语,To master a foreign language is really important nowadays. = It is really important to master a foreign language nowadays.,To give up smoking is right. = It is right to give up smoking.,1.当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。,2. 放弃吸烟是对的。,作宾语,Fred didnt have
3、 any money, so he decided to look for a job.,He promised not to tell anyone about it.,1. Fred 没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作。,2. 他答应不告述任何人这事。,hope wish want agree promise demand ask refuse manage learn decide pretend choose fail dare offer help,三个希望两答应,两个要求莫拒绝,做到学会作决定,不要假装在选择,没敢提出来帮助,1)只能接不定式作宾语的动词,2)动词 + 疑问词 + 不定式
4、, 常用动词有 know, decide, wonder, learn, remember, see, understand, think, find out,我不知道说什么安慰她。 他们在学习如何修汽车。,I dont know what to say to calm her,They are learning how to repair cars,3) 动词 + 间接宾语 + 疑问词 + 不定式, 常用动词有show，teach， tell， advise，inform,那个农夫教我们如何挤奶。 克罗克先生教他们怎样打字。,The farmer showed us how to milk
5、the cow,Mr. Crook taught them how to type,作表语,My job is to teach English.,我的工作是教英语。,他唯一能做的事情就是说出事实真相。 你必须做的事就是按一下这个钮。,The only thing he could do was (to) tell the truth,What you have to do is (to) press this button, 如果主语部分的谓语动词或非谓语动词中含有 do,作表语的不定式可省去 to。,作定语,Do you have anything to say?,1. 你有什么要说的吗?
6、,2. Betty是第一个知道这真相的人,Betty was the first to know the truth.,注：作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。,He is looking for a room to live in ,There is nothing to worry about,Please give me a knife to cut with,作状语,1. To learn English well, you have to practise more. = In order to learn
7、English well, you have to practise more. 2. Im too tired to walk any farther tonight.,目的状语.,结果状语,作宾补,She asked me to stay there.,1. 她叫我呆在这儿。,2.请允许我介绍Mr. White给你们。,Please allow me to introduce Mr. White to you.,一感二听三使让，四看一注意半帮助，主动不带to, 被动to复位 feel; listen to, hear; let, make, have; watch, look at, se
8、e, observe; notice; help I saw her come. She was seen to come., 1. We passed by the classroom and saw the teacher making the experiment. 2. We sat an hour and watched the teacher make the experiment. 3. She was glad to see her children well taken care of in the nursery.,注意,作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式常常省去t
9、o 后面的动词，只保留to 。,A:Would you like to come to my party?,Mary wanted to use my bike, but I asked her not to ( use my bike).,B: Yes , Id love to ( come to your party).,不定式还可在句中作独立成分, 表示说话人的态度或看法, 此时不定式逻辑主语和句子主语不一致: 说实话，我不同意你的观点。 _, Sam is the right person for the post 坦率地讲，我不同意你的看法。 _, I dont agree with
10、 you 老实说, 你的计划不实用。 _, your plan is not practical 首先, 我想谈谈我们的发展计划。 _, Id like to talk about our development plan,To tell the truth,To be frank,To be honest,To begin with,语态,时态,不定式的时态和语态,一般式( to do ):它表示的动作或状态同时或几乎同时发生，或之后发生。,We want to learn English well. I opened the door to enter the room.,进行式( to
11、be doing):如果谓语表示的动作或情况发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行时,我们就要用不定式的进行时。,我进去时他恰好在打电话。 He happened_ when I went in. 老师看她时，这个姑娘装着在听讲。 The girl pretended_ when the teacher looked at her,to be telephoning,to be listening,完成式( to have done):如果不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前。,我似乎以前在什么地方见过他。 I seem _him somewhere before 收到那么多精美礼物，他很高兴。
12、He was happy _ many nice gifts. 这部小说据说已被译成好几种外语。 The novel is said _ into several foreign languages,to have met,to have received,to have been translated,下列句子中惯用不定式主动语态: The house is to let. 这房子待出租。 He is not to blame他不该受责备。,他不喜欢当众被表扬。 He dislikes _ 沙漠中惟一可以看到的动物是骆驼。 The only animal _ was the camel,to
13、 be praised in public,to be seen in the desert,1) 不定式被动式的意义 如果不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者,不定式需用被动语态 to be + 过去分词。,(2) “形容词 + 不定式”结构中, 如不定式与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系, 不定式多用主动语态, 这是因为人们往往认为形容词后省去了for one或for people 这架飞机开起来很危险。 The plane is dangerous _ 这台机器不好控制。 The machine is hard _,to control,to fly,Attention,1.There was n
14、othing I could do but _(wait) 2.There was no choice but _ (wait) 3.She could do anything except _ (clean) the floor.,介词but或者except后跟不定式做宾语，且but或except前面是动词do的任何形式，不定式符号to 要省略,wait,to wait,clean,Participle,被动、完成、 感到的,主动、进行、 令人的,done,doing,There are many sleeping students in class.,（主语）/（表语）,（定语）,Feel
15、ing the lesson is boring, the students are sleepy.,The students feel the lesson boring.,Having lessons is boring.,（宾补）,（状语）,a running athlete a promising young man. an exciting evening an interesting crosstalk,有前途的年轻人,跑步运动员,激动人心的夜晚,有趣的相声,定语,The teacher teaching us English is Mr. Sun,=The teacher who teaches / is teaching us English is Mr. Sun.,The people sitting behind us are all teachers.,=The people who are sitting behind us are all teachers.,1. We saw some students _ _,2.They have the fire b
