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1、2010 考研英语历年真题报刊阅读 100 篇(6).txt10 有了执著，生命旅程上的寂寞可以铺成一片蓝天；有了执著，孤单可以演绎成一排鸿雁；有了执著，欢乐可以绽放成满圆的鲜花。Winning waysEver since the stunning victory of Deep Blue, a program running on an IBM supercomputer, over Gary Kasparov, then world chess champion, in 1997, it has been clear that computers would dominate that
2、particular game. Today, though, they are pressing the attack on every front. They are the undisputed champions in draughts and Othello. They are generally stronger in backgammon. They are steadily gaining ground in Scrabble, poker and bridge. And they are even doing pretty well at crossword puzzles.
3、 There is one game, however, where humans still reign supreme: Go. Yet here too their grip is beginning to loosen.Go is a strategic contest. Each player tries to stake out territory and surround his opponent. The rules are simple but the play is extraordinarily complex. During a game, some stones wi
4、ll “die”, and some will appear to be dead but spring back to life at an inopportune moment. It is often difficult to say who is winning right until the end.Deep Blue and its successors beat Mr Kasparov using the “brute force” technique.Unfortunately, brute force will not work in Go. First, the game
5、has many more possible positions than chess does. Second, the number of possible moves from a typical position in Go is about 200, compared with about a dozen in chess. Finally, evaluating a Go position is fiendishly difficult. The fastest programs can assess just 50 positions a second, compared wit
6、h 500,000 in chess. Clearly, some sort of finesse is required.In the past two decades researchers have explored several alternative strategies. Now, however, programmers are making impressive gains with a technique known as the Monte Carlo method. Given a position, a program using a Monte Carlo algo
7、rithm contemplates every move and plays a large number of random games to see what happens. If it wins in 80% of those games, the move is probably good. Otherwise, it keeps looking.This may sound like a lot of effort but generating random games is the sort of thing computers excel at. In fact, Monte
8、 Carlo techniques are much faster than brute force. Moreover, two Hungarian computer scientists have recently added an elegant twist that allows the algorithm to focus on the most promising moves without sacrificing speed.The result is a new generation of fast programs that play particularly well on
9、 small versions of the Go board. In the past few months Monte Carlo-based programs have dominated computer tournaments on nine-and 13line grids. MoGo, a program developed by researchers from the University of Paris, has even beaten a couple of strong human players on the smaller of these boardsunthi
10、nkable a year ago. It is ranked 2,323rd in the world and in Europes top 300. Although MoGo is still some way from competing on the fullsize Go grid, humanity may ultimately have to accept defeat on yet another front.考研词汇：stunst?nvt.使晕倒，使惊吓，打晕;n.晕眩，打昏，惊倒dominate?d?mineitv.支配，统治，控制;占优势真题例句The coming o
11、f age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the maledominated () job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japans rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs.2000 年阅读 4例句精译 战后婴儿出生高峰期的到来及妇女进入男性为
12、主的就业市场，限制了青少年的发展机遇，这些青少年已经开始质疑在进好学校、找好工作、攀登日本等级森严的社会阶梯的过程中所做出的巨大的个人牺牲是否值得。reignreinv.(over)统治，支配;盛行，占优势;n.统治，统治时期，支配;朝代真题例句(72) The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign (n.) as the dominant explanation of the cos
13、mos.1998 年翻译例句精译 (72)巨大的宇宙云的存在，实际上是使 20 年代首创的大爆炸论得以处于宇宙起源论的主导地位所不可缺少的。supremesu:?pri:ma.极度的，最重要的;至高的，最高的真题例句The Supreme () Courts decisions on physicianassisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.2002 年阅读 4例句精译 最高法庭关于医生协助病人结束生命
14、问题的裁决，对于如何用药物减轻病危者的痛苦这个问题来说，具有重要的意义。brutebru:ta.残忍的, 畜生般的 n. 残忍的人, 畜生sacrifice?s?krifaisn.牺牲，献身，牺牲品;祭品，供物;v.(for，to)牺牲，献出，献祭真题例句The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the maledominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning t
15、he heavy personal sacrifices (n.) involved in climbing Japans rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs.2000 年阅读 4例句精译 战后婴儿出生高峰期的到来及妇女进入男性为主的就业市场，限制了青少年的发展机遇，这些青少年已经开始质疑在进好学校、找好工作、攀登日本等级森严的社会阶梯的过程中所做出的巨大的个人牺牲是否值得。背景常识介绍：人工智能(Artificial Intelligence，简称 AI)是计算机学科的一个分支，二十世纪七十年代以来被称为世界三大尖端技术之一(空间技术、能
16、源技术和人工智能)，也被认为是二十一世纪(基因工程、纳米科学和人工智能)三大尖端技术之一。这是因为近三十年来它获得了迅速的发展，在很多学科领域都获得了广泛应用，并取得了丰硕的成果。人工智能已逐步成为一个独立的分支，无论在理论和实践上都已自成一个系统。参考译文：取胜之路自从 1997 年深蓝一个运行于 IBM 超级计算机上的程序战胜当时的世界国际象棋冠军加里卡斯帕罗夫起，计算机可以统治这一特殊的游戏就变得不言而喻了。计算机还对每个前沿流域发起攻击。它们是国际跳棋及黑白棋游戏无可争辩的冠军。在西洋双陆棋上它们通常表现得更好。它们正在稳步获得拼字游戏、扑克和桥牌的一席之地，它们在纵横字谜游戏中也有着优异表现。然而，还有一项游戏人类仍然占据统治地位：围棋。即便如此，人类在这一领域的控制力也开始丧失。围棋是一种战略竞争。每位选手都要设法夺取领域并围住其对手。在一次游戏中，一些棋子将会“死掉” ，而另一些看起来死掉但却会在不可思议的时候重获
