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1、动词的分类,Sep.2nd 2014,动词是用来表示主语做什么(即行为动词)或表示主语是什么或怎么样(即状态动词)的词,例如:We are having a meeting. (having是实义动词) He has gone to New York.(has是助动词)They work hard every day. (work是实义动词) They look happy. (look为系动词)They can go home now. (can为情态动词),动词的分类,行为动词(也称实义动词)连系动词助动词和情态动词。,(一)行为动词(及物动词与不及物动词) 行为动词(实义动词)是表示行为
2、、动作或状态的词。它的词义完整,可以单独作谓语。例如: I live in Beijing with my mother.(我和我妈妈住在北京) It has a round face.(它有一张圆脸。),行为动词,1、及物动词后面必须跟宾语,意思才完整,例如:Give me some ink, please.(请给我一些墨水)If you have any questions, you can raise your hands.(如果你们有问题,你们可以举手),行为动词,2、不及物动词 vi 后面不能跟宾语,意思已完整。不及物动词有时可以加上副词或介词,构成短语动词,相当于一个及物动词。例如
3、:He works hard.(他工作努力。)Jack jruns faster than Mike.(杰克跑步比迈克要快些。)Please look at the blackboard and listen to me.(请看黑板,听我说。)He got and “A” this time because he went over his lessons carefully.(这次他得了个“A”,因为他仔细地复习了功),(二)连系动词 连系动词是表示主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的词,它虽有词义,但不完整,所以不能单独作谓语,必须跟表语一起构成合成谓语,例如:We are in Grade Tw
4、o this year.(今年我们在两年级。)are,是are 这个词的词义“是”在句子中常常不译出。,连系动词可具体分为三类:1、表示“是”的动词be。这个词在不同的主语后面和不同的时态中有不同的形式,is,am,are,was,were,have/has been等要特别予以注意。例如:He is a teacher.(他是个教师。)He was a soldier two years ago.(两年前他是个士兵。)We are Chinese.(我们是中国人。),2、表示“感觉”的词,如look,feel,smell,sound,taste等,例如:She looked tired.(她
5、看一去很疲劳)I feel ill.(我觉得不舒服。)Cotton feels soft.(棉花摸起来很软)The story sounds interesting.(这个故事听起来很有趣。)The flowers smell sweet.(这些花闻起来很香。)The mixture tasted horrible.(这药水太难喝了。),3、表示“变”、“变成”的意思的词,如become, get, grow, turn, 都解释为“变”、“变得”,例如:She became a college student.(她成了一名大学生)His face turns white.(他的脸色变苍白了。
6、)The weather gets warmer and the days get longer when spring comes.(春天来了,天气变得暖和些了,白天也变得较长些了。) He grew old.(他老了。),(三)助动词 这类词本身无词义,不能单独作谓语,只能与主要动词一起构成谓语,表示不同的时态、语态、表示句子的否定和疑问,例如:He does not speak English well.(他英语讲得不好。)A dog is running after a cat.(一条狗正在追逐一只猫。)Did he have any milk and bread for his br
7、eakfast ?(他早餐喝牛奶、吃面包吗?),(四)情态动词这类词本身虽有意义,但不完整。它们表示说话人的能力、说话人的语气或情态,如“可能”、“应当”等。这类动词有can, may, must, need, dare, could, might等。它们不能单独作谓语,必须与行为动词(原形)一起作谓语,表示完整的意思,例如:I can dance.(我会跳舞。)can, 能, 会we must work hard.May I come in?(我可以进来吗?)How dare you do that?,指出下列各句中划线部分是什么动词,并说明词义,例如: All of us study ha
8、rd.(vi. 学习)1、He began to work at seven this morning.( )2、I have left the key at home.( )3、We must take the old woman to the hospital at once( )4、Billy felt very sad when he heard the bad news.( )5、Think it over, and you will have a good idea.( )6、Dont think of yourself;think of others.( )7、We are co
9、llege students now, but we were at the factory two years ago.( )8、Mr. Black got angry when he saw Jenny come to school late again.( )9、Please wash your hands before each meal.( )10、Li Ming often works for the wall-newspaper after school.( ),Exercise 1,指出下列划线动词是连系动词还是行为动词,并写出词义:1、She looks well.( ) S
10、he tried to look at the blackboard but saw nothing.( )2、The students felt unhappy.( ) I felt someone touch my back.( )3、It was snowing hard when he got to the city.( ) Its too late. Its getting darker and darker.( )4、The teacher asked the student to turn it over.( ) The leaves of the trees turn green when sping comes( )5、The young trees grow fast.( ) It began to grow dark.( )6、The bell sounded at 12 oclock for lunch.( ) The music sounds nice.( ),Exercise 2,T h a n k y o u,