2018(高三)-语法填空解题技巧(给词类)

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1、英语语法填空解题探Grammatical Filling Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。,Emmy Pan,高中英语语法填空题解题策略 语法填空这种题型能全面检测学生在英语词汇、语法,甚至是句法上的运用能力,能更科学地反映学生的英语综合水平。 主要考查的知识点:一是语法,二是上下文的连贯性,而且语法是重点。它主要考查考生对高中英语大纲要求的基本语法知识、词汇、习语和较为简单的英语表达方式的掌握和逻辑推理能力等情况。 从整篇布局来看,它的考点主要集中在以下三点: 1 词或者词组(名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词、冠词、数词) 2 句子(谓语动词、非谓语动词、连词、关系词

2、) 3 语篇( 过渡词),(1)给出提示词题型: 用括号里所给词的适当形式填空。主要提供的是动词、形容词、名词三大类,考生需要根据语境写出正确的词形,一般有6-7个小题。包括动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较等级、名词的单复数,以及词类或词义的转换等。 (2)纯空格题型: 空后没给词,要求考生根据文意、上下文连贯性和行文逻辑,填入一个恰当的词,包括代词、介词、限定词 (冠词、物主代词、指示代词等)、连词、时间及地点副词等。这类题大约有3-4小题。,变,填,近4年语法填空题考点分布情况,必考词:谓非谓;形容词、副词;连词,从句引导词、名词; 常考词:介词、代词、冠词,变,填,连词

3、冠词 介词 副词 代词,名词 动词 形容/副词,关连词(引导词):三大从句(定语从句,名词性从句和状语从句) which, that, who, although,what, why, where 等 并列连词: and, but, while, so, neither nor 等 强调句,倒装句中的连词,the; a+辅音音素; an+元音音素; 抽象名词具体化 success, surprise等,n.前; vi.后; 定语从句介词+关系代词 等,功能性连接副词:however, therefore ,anyhow 等 修饰比较级的副词 even,much 等,不定代词; 反身代词; 物主

4、代词; 主/宾格 等,单复数,名词所有格; 与其它词性的转化,谓语: 时态,语态,情态动词, 虚拟语气等 非谓语:不定式,动名词,现在分词,过去分词,比较级、最高级; adj. adv. 相互转化; adj.修饰 n. ; adv.修饰 adj. / adv. / v.,解题步骤,1、跳读大意 2、初填易题 3、补填难题 4、通读检查,How to deal with Grammatical Filling?,就句子成分来说,涉及到的句子成分有:主语(形式主语),谓语,宾语(形式宾语),宾补,表语,定语,状语,补语,同位语。 考点1:主语 (名词,代词,数词,do-ing,不定式,主从等) R

5、ecent _6_ (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks _7_ (regular) . (2016年课标全国II) It took years of work _5_ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. (2014年课标全国I),studies,to reduce,考点2:谓语 (动词) Fast food _7_ (be) full of fat and salt; (2017年课标全国I) But a

6、t the moment, school _9_ (come) first. (2017年课标全国III) When fat and salt _4_ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. (2017年课标全国I) until tomorrow _3_ (be) often acceptable . (2016年课标全国II),is,comes,are removed,is,考点3:宾语(名词,代词,do-ing,不定式,宾从等) This trend, , has had some uninten

7、ded side _2_ (effect) such as (2017年课标全国I) to avoid terrible _1_ (crowd) on the roads (2017年课标全国II) influenced the _8_ (develop) of chopsticks. (2016年课标全国III) She is determined to carry on with her _6_ (educate). (2017年课标全国III),effects,crowds,development,education,考点4:表语(名词,代词,形容词,to do,do-ing,done,

8、表从,介短) However, be _9_ (care) not to go to extremes. (2017年课标全国I) some of them looked very anxious and _3_ (disappoint) . (2014年课标全国II) 考点5:宾补 They are required _3_ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from (2017年课标全国I) 主补,careful,disappointed,to process,考点6:定语(名词,形容词,to do,doing,done,介短,定从 前置

9、和后置) She is a very _3_ (care) mother. (2016年四川) and identify those of _1_ (great) and less importance. (2016年课标全国II) A study of travelers _8_ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. (2015年课标全国I) The adobe dwellings (土胚房)_1_ (build) by the P

10、ueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most. (2015年课标全国II),carefulcaring,greater,(which was) conducted,built,考点7:状语(形容词,副词,介短,doing,done,to do,状从) Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal _3_ (create) special designs. (2016全国课标III) Recent _6_ (study) show tha

11、t we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks _7_ (regular) . (2016年课标全国II) In India, for example, most people traditionally eat _10_ their hands. (2016年课标全国III),to create,gradually,with,考点8:同位语(名,不定代,数词,同从) Set aside the thought _1_ you have to fall asleep. (2015河北百校联盟3月模拟) (以上考点见5年高

12、考,3年模拟P115-116),that,就句型来说,主要涉及到的句子有5种基本句型: 1 This cycle _8_ (go) day after day. (2015年课标II) 2 This trend, , has had some unintended side _2_ (effect) such as (2017年课标全国I) 3 some of them looked very anxious and _3_ (disappoint) . (2014年课标全国II),goes,S V 主谓,effects,S V O 主谓宾,disappointed,S V P 主系表,就句型

13、来说,主要涉及到的句子有5种基本句型: 4 Sarah _3_ (tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel, . (2017年课标III) 5 They are required _3_ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from (2017年课标全国I) 主补 以上考点解释见5年高考3年模拟P117 (其他特别句子后补),has been told was told,S V O O 主谓双宾,to process,S V O C 主谓宾宾补,语法填空题型分两种情况: 一种为已给单词提示,

14、另一种为不给单词提示。 下面就这两种情况进行分析、研究,总结出以下语法填空的解题技巧。,How to deal with Grammatical Filling?,Part A: How to change? 怎么变?(有提示词),语法填空给提示词解题技巧,1 动词,谓语动词,非谓语动词,词性转换, 有提示词的解题技巧,分析句子结构 上下文语境,1 谓语动词(时态、语态、主谓一致) 2 非谓语动词 doing: having (been) done + being done, done: to do: to have (been) done + to be done 3 词性变化:名词,形容词

15、,副词,形容词或副词的比较级或最高级,有提示词: 1动词,技巧1 :句中没有谓语,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的词与已存在谓语主语一致,且中间有并列或转折连词时,需填的词则是谓语动词。时态考虑要瞻前顾后。,例1. The first card _ (design) by J.C.Horsley as a commercial endeavor. 例2. That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, _ (close) my book and walked away. 例3. N

16、obody knows what _ (happen) if she had refused to pay.,was designed,closed,would have happened,It was raining lightly when I_ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. (2015新课标) Yangshuo _ (be) really beautiful. (2015新课标) Be patient! Tai Chi _ (call) “shadow boxing” (太极拳) in English. We _ (tell) that our r

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