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1、English Writing,Lecture 9,Beginning a passage开头,文章的开头是很重要的，方法也各种各样。下面的一些是常用的方式。 1使用引言 “Experience is the best teacher” is an old clich, but I agree with it. The most important, and sometimes the hardest, lessons we learn in life come from our participation in situations. You cannot learn everything
2、from a book.,句型 1） There is an old saying, _. Its the experience of our forefathers, however, it is correct in many cases ever today. 2) The English proverb says, _. This is quite true because _. 3）One of our ancient philosophers said, _. Chinese people have always been holding this idea to be one o
3、f their standards of morality.,4） One of the great early writers said that _. If this is true, the present situation should make us ponder over _ 5) One of the greatest early writers said . “Knowledge is power“, such is the remark of . “. That is how sb comment ( criticize/ praise.). “. How often we
4、 hear such words like there. As the proverb goes, ,2. 先提出相反的观点 New factories often bring many good things to a community, such as jobs and increased prosperity. However, in my opinion, the benefits of having a factory are outweighed by the risks. That is why I oppose the plan to build a factory near
5、 my community 或者 Some people believe that television has destroyed communication among friends and family. I think this is an exaggeration. In my opinion, whether or not television hurts communication depends on what type of program is being viewed. More importantly, it depends on the type of viewer
6、.,句型 1Some people prefer to _. In their opinion, _. In addition, _. Nevertheless, nowadays, _ has become more and more common. 2Some people hold the opinion that _ is superior to _ in many ways: Others, however, disagree with it. 3Nowadays although more and more people _, still there are some who th
7、ink _, they may think _. However，_,3介绍背景知识 The twentieth century has brought with it many advances. With those advances, human lives have changed dramatically. In some ways life is worse, but mostly it is better. Changes in food preparation methods, for example, have improved our lives greatly.,句型 1
8、_ is a common occurrence in our daily life. Whatever we do, _ cant be avoided. 2_ has become a hot topic among people, especially among the young, and heated debates are right on their way. 3 Recently, _ has become the focus of the society, and in this way People swarm to _. 4_ has been playing an i
9、ncreasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought us a lot of benefits but created some serious problems as well.,5. Man is now facing a big problem-_, which is becoming more and more serious. First, _ second, _. 6. Nowadays more and more people are beginning to be aware of the serio
10、usness of _. 7. It is only during the last years that man has become generally aware that _,4使用问句 Do movies and television affect our behavior? A special concern is whether movies and television make children and society more violent. I believe that movies and television do influence our behavior, b
11、oth for the better and for the worse 句型 1“Why do _?” Many people often ask questions like this. 2These days we are often told that _. But is it true? 3. These days we often hear about _. But is this really the case?,5从一个特殊例子或者个人经历引出话题 I grew up in a small town and then moved to a big city, so I have
12、 experienced the good and bad sides of both. I never thought that I would like living in a big city, but I was wrong. After ten years of living in one, I cant imagine ever living in a small town again. 6列举数字,Concluding a passage结尾 1. 结尾段落主要是重申或总结讨论过的要点，不再提出新的观点或者问题。在托福写作中还应注意的是对自己不赞成的观点也要提到，指出其合理性，使
13、文章不致太偏激，片面。 Topic: Some people prefer to eat at food stands or restaurants. Other people prefer to prepare and eat food at home. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.,Some people like to eat out at food stands and restaurants, while others like to prepare foo
14、d at home. Often it depends on the kind of lifestyle people have. Those with very busy jobs outside the house dont always have time to cook. They like the convenience of eating out. Overall, though, it is cheaper and healthier to eat at home Both eating at restaurants and cooking at home can be sati
15、sfying. Both can taste good and be enjoyed with family and friends. I prefer cooking at home because of the money and health issues, but people will make the choice that fits their lifestyle best.,2. 提出可能的解决方法 3. 如果文章中的分论点较多，可以在结论中简单列举一些次要的观点,Examples and illustration段落中的举例说明,提出假想例子的方式： Suppose that. Just imagine what would be like if.
