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1、定 语 从 句,定 语 从 句 关系代词引导的定语从句 功能 用于限制性从句和 只用于 作用 非限制性从句 限制性从句 代替人 代替物 代替人或物 主语 who which that 宾语 whom which that 定语 whose whose (=of whom) (=of which) 1.作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。 The boys who are playing football on the playground are my classmates.,The man that (who) is talking to me is
2、 a friend of hers. He is the man who (that) means what he says. 2.作宾语： The man whom you want to see has come. The letter which /that I received yesterday was from a friend of mine. 3.作定语：关系代词whose 在定语从句中作定语用。 The girl whose father is our math teacher is a good singer. He mentioned a book whose autho
3、r (=the author of which) I cant remember now.,4.使用要点: 1)关系代词的省略 (1)直接宾语时可以省略。例如: The man (whom) you saw just now is our manager. Who was the woman (that) you were talking with? Is there anything (that) I can do for you? (2)在“there+be” 结构的从句中作主语的关系代词可以省 略。 This is the only bus (that) there is to that
4、 park Note: 关系代词放在介词后作宾语时，不能省略。但介词 位于词尾时，关系代词可以省略。例如 : This is the girl with whom he worked. (whom不可省) This is the girl (whom) he worked with.,This is the room in which Churchill was born . (which不可省) This is the room (which) Churchill was born in. 2)如果关系代词紧跟在介词后面，不能用who或 that, 只 能用which或 whom This
5、is the question about which (不用that) they have had so much discussion in the past few weeks. The people with whom （不用that）he worked thought he was a bit strange. 3)如果先行词是 all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词 一般只用 that, 不用 which Please just tell me anything (tha
6、t) you know about the author of the book. Thats all (that) I could do at that time.,4)如果先行词被形容词最高级以及 first, last, any, only, few, much, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用 that不用 which, who或 whom He is the only person that was present at the time. This is the best TV set that is made in China. No sample that
7、we have received is satisfactory. Please send us any information that you have about the subject. 5)在非限制性定语从句中，不能用that，作宾语的代词也 不能省略 The Heavenly Lake, which (不能用that) is one of the world famous scenic spots, is on Tianshan Mountain. There are thirty students in the class, the majority of whom (不能用th
8、at) are from the city.,6.Which 可以引导修饰整个主句的定语从句 Which 还有一种特殊的用法， 它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which 可以做主语， 也可以做宾语或表语，多数情况下意思同 and this 相似，并可以指人。例如： New Concept English is intended for foreign students, which is known to all of us. (which作主语） She was awarded a gold medal, which the whole
9、family considered a great honour. (which作宾语) He lost the manuscript during the war, in which case he had to rewrite the book. (which作定语),She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was. (which作表语) He will become the man which his father wants him to be. (which指人，作表语 ) whose 的
10、用法 (1)whose 引导定语从句，既可指人也可指物。Whose 还常在定语从句中同it连用，it 起形式主语的作用，表示强调。 This is the building whose windows were all painted green.,A teacher is a person whose duty is to teach. A teacher is a person whose duty it is to teach. 后两句意思相同，结构有所不同。Whose duty it is to teach 中 it是形式主语，真正主语是不定式 to teach，从 强调结构 it i
11、s his duty to teach 演化而来。 (2)定语从句中的whose 表示所属关系作定语时，可 用of which替代， (3)这种用法指物不指人。 下面三句意思相同： The river whose banks are covered with trees flows to the sea. The river of which the bank are covered with trees flows to the sea. The river the banks of which are covered with trees flows to the sea.,(3)名词（代
12、词或数词）+of +whom 和名词（代词或数词）+of +which若用定语从句表示“所属”关系，先行词指人时，用“名词（代词或数+of+whom”结构，先行词指物时， 用“名词（代词或数词）+of +which”结构，of前表示部分，of后表示整体。例如： The committee consists of 20 members, 5 of whom are women. The book contains 50 poems, most of which were written in 1930s.,关系副词引导的定语从句 1.关系副词也可以引导定语从句，并在从句中分别表示时 间，地点或原
13、因等。 关系副词的意思相当于“介词+which”结构，其用法如下： when (=at, in, on, during which), 表示时间，在从句中 作时间状语 where (=in, at which) 表示地点， 在从句中作地点状语 why (for which) 代替 reason, 在从句中作原因状语 He will always remember the day when (on which) his father returned from America. This was the time when (at which ) she left for Beijing. Th
14、e book store where (in which) his sister works is the largest one in Nanjing.,I dont know the reason why (for which) he didnt come to the meeting yesterday morning. Note: time 作先行词，前面如有序数词和last 修饰时，引导定语从句不能用 when，只能用that（可省略）。但前面如无序数词或last， 则既可用when 也可用 that 引导定语从句。 This is the last time that I shal
15、l give you a lesson. The first time I saw Premier Zhou Enlai was in 1958.,as 在定语从句中的用法 1.引导限制性定语从句 在限制性定语从句中，as多和such或 the same 连用，构成 “suchas” 和 “the sameas” 结构可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。 Such book as I have read are classical works. (as作宾语) Ive never seen such a talented young man as he is. (as 作表语) 2.在非限制性定语从
16、句中，as作为关系代词代替整个主句。as引导的从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面，中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，通常译为“(正)如一样，(正)象一样”等。,EgHe looks like a college student，as in fact he is. Water is not sweet as sugar is as引导的非限制性定语从句既可指前面已经提到的情况，也可指后面将要提到的情况，而which引导的非限制性定语从句通常指代的是前面提到过的情况或事实，只能放在主句之后 As (不用which) might be expected，John was admitted to the university. (as代替后面的句子，在从句中作主语) John was admitted to the meeti
