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1、1,Focus2 content,Short essay: how to conduct an interview with your witnesses,Pair work: an interview with your witness,Text: How to write a good survey,Working with words,Research project,Listening-based writing,Highlights,Table of Contents,Part 2 Language in Use,上海交通大学出版社,2,focus2highlights,Highli
2、ghts R: Short essay: how to conduct an interview with your witnesses S: An interview with your witness Language for an interview with a witness R: How to write a good survey Research project: Analyzing a questionnaire according to the guidelines L&W: Making New Years resolutions Language for making
3、a New Years resolution,Part 2 Language in Use,上海交通大学出版社,3,focus2dialogue,上海交通大学出版社,Suppose you are a lawyer and a friend of Lindsey. You want to help her find out the truth, and plan to meet some witnesses. Here are some tips for your interview. Read and listen to the tips and answer the following q
4、uestions.,1. When dealing with a witness, what can a lawyer not do? 2. What should a lawyer try to get from the witness?,When dealing with a witness, a lawyer cannot state or imply that he is disinterested.,The lawyer should try to get a copy of the witnesss recorded or sworn statement, if there are
5、 any.,4,focus2dialogue,上海交通大学出版社,3. Why should a lawyer put the witness at ease? 4. For what purpose should a lawyer ask open-ended questions? 5. What can a lawyer do to make sure he understands the witnesss words properly?,Being interviewed by a lawyer can be fairly stressful. If the witness isnt n
6、ervous, hell be more expressive and reveal more information.,The lawyer can repeat back to the witness any significant statement the witness makes.,In order to keep the discussion going, to gather as much information as possible, and to learn everything the witness knows about the case, the lawyer s
7、hould ask open-ended questions.,5,focus2 dialogue,1. how to conduct an interview with your witnesses 怎样会见证人 conduct: vt. 1) 进行（调查、实验、询问等） e.g. The police are conducting an investigation into the affair. 2) 指挥 e.g. Barenboim conducted the Chicago Symphony Orchestra for years. n. U 行为，举止 e.g. His cond
8、uct disagrees with his words.,上海交通大学出版社,Notes to the short essay,6,focus2 dialogue,上海交通大学出版社,A witness is someone who has firsthand knowledge about a crime or dramatic event through their senses (e.g. seeing, hearing, smelling, touching), and can help certify important considerations concerning the
9、crime or event. A witness who has seen the event firsthand is known as an “eyewitness”. Witnesses are often called before a court of law to testify in trials. A witness who specializes in an area of study relevant to the crime is called an expert witness. Scientists and doctors are often called to g
10、ive expert witness testimony.,7,focus2 dialogue,2. When dealing with a witness, a lawyer cannot state or imply that he is disinterested. 当与证人交流时，律师不能表明或暗示，自己在其中没有利害关系。 imply: vt. 1) 暗示，暗指 e.g. His tone implied disapproval. 2) 说明，表明 e.g. Silence sometimes implies consent. 3) 必然包含，使有必要 e.g. Speech imp
11、lies a speaker. disinterested: a. 客观的，公正的，无私的 e.g. The counselor gave us some disinterested advice. I am quite sure that he acted in this matter from disinterested motives.,上海交通大学出版社,8,focus2 dialogue,上海交通大学出版社,The role of the lawyer varies significantly across legal jurisdictions. Their responsibil
12、ities are: 1) Oral argument in the courts 2) Research and drafting of court papers 3) Advocacy (written and oral) in administrative hearings 4) Client intake and counseling (with regard to pending litigation) 5) Legal advice 6) Protecting intellectual property 7) Negotiating and drafting contracts 8
13、) Prosecution and defense of criminal suspects,9,focus2 dialogue,3. Also, find out if he has given a recorded or sworn statement. 查明还有谁会见了证人，并查明他是否做过笔录或填写过誓词。 sworn: a. 起誓保证的，发过誓的 e.g. sworn statement/evidence Note that “sworn enemies” refer to two people or groups of people that have strong hatred
14、for each other (不共戴天的死敌). The verb form of sworn is swear. swear: vt./vi. 1) 宣誓 e.g. I swear on the Bible. I swear by God! 2) 发誓，立誓；严肃地许诺 e.g. You have sworn to be faithful to me.,上海交通大学出版社,10,focus2 dialogue,4. To keep the discussion going, and to gather as much information as possible, ask open-en
15、ded questions. 为了使谈话不致中断，并且收集到尽可能多的信息，应该问开放性问题。,上海交通大学出版社,An open-ended question is designed to encourage a full, meaningful answer using the subjects own knowledge and/or feelings. It is the opposite of a closed question, which encourages a short or single-word answer. Open-ended questions also ten
16、d to be more objective and less leading than closed questions. Open-ended questions typically begin with words such as “Why” and “How”, or phrases such as “Tell me about”. Often they are not technically a question, but a statement which implicitly asks for a response.,11,focus2 dialogue,5. Try to uncover any biases that may exist. 争取发现可能存在的任何偏向因素。 uncover: vt. 发现；破获；揭露 e.g. It was two young reporters who uncovered the whole plot. Geologists uncover hidde
