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1、中考专题（一）名词I. 名词的分类：(1)名词的定义：名词是表示人、事物、抽象概念等名称的词。 如：book （书); bread（面包）; news（新闻）;boy（男孩）; Tom（汤姆）; London（伦敦）; China（中国）【广东佛山】Whose_(猫) is that? Its hers.【广东佛山】Whats your_? I like playing the violin very much. A.job B.address C.hobby（2）名词的分类：名词分为专有名词和普通名词 专有名词：表示人、地方、组织、机构等的专有名称，专有名词的第一个字母通常大写 如：Tom/
2、Beijing/Project Hope/WTO普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词 (1)：可数名词分为个体名词（teacher/desk/box/city)和集体名词(police/family) 【注】：集体名词前不可使用不定冠词； 集体名词不与one连用。 (2)：不可数名词分为物质名词(milk/water/rain/wood)和抽象名词（work/friendship/peace/love)II.名词的数1、 可数名词的数：【可数名词】：可以按个数计算的名词，叫可数名词。 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。(1)单数： 指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式,在名词直接加a或an ，表示一个：
3、a banana a book a pen an orange an apple an eraser【陕西】John wants to be a _, so he often helps sick people in the hospital. A. reporter B. doctor C. scientist D. Cook【山东德州3】 A/An_ can use his drawings to tell about beautiful mountains, the blue sea and many other things. A. actor B. scientist C. arti
4、st D. doctor (2)复数：指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式: 名词复数是在单数名词后加-s/-es构成(特殊情况除外) two bananas _ three watches _名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下：1. 单数变复数的规则变化：一般的名词变复数, 直接在词尾加-s book _ pen _ banana_ 河北】Cici enjoys dancing. Its one of her_ . A. prize B. prizes C. hobby D. hobbies福建泉州2】Mum, can I blow out all the _on the birthday c
5、ake now ? No, dear . You should make a wish first . A. flowers B. candles C. fruits 【山东德州2】The people who are more confident have more_ to make themselves successful.A. education B. chances C. pride D. excuses 浙江温州4】 I like reading. Me too. I especially like the _ written by J. K. Rowling. A. homewo
6、rk B. numbers C. moviesD. books. 以s、x、ch、sh 结尾的名词, 加-es bus_ class _ box_ fox_ watch _ brush _ dish _四川南充3】There are some _ on the floor. A. milk B. child C. boxes. 以o 结尾的名词, 有生命的物质的名词, 加-es;【记】 黑人（Negro _） 英雄 （hero _ ） 爱吃土豆（Potato _）和西红柿 （tomato _）广西玉林】Eating more vegetables is good for our health.
7、 I often eat lettuce, broccoli and _. A. tomato B. tomatos C. tomatoes D. potato贵阳 Lily，lets make vegetable salad. How many_do we need? “One is enough.” A. oranges B. potato C. tomatoes 无生命的物质的名词, 加-s。 【记】 我听广播(radio _)， 也看到电视录像( video_)，说动物园( zoo _)里的袋鼠(kangaroo_) 弹着钢琴(piano _)，吃着竹子（bamboo _）吸引游客来拍
8、照片 （photo _）. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词变复数,把f 或fe 改为-ves初中阶段掌握以下名词：【记】小偷的妻子用树叶和小刀在书架上杀死了半个狼的生命 thief_wife_leaf_knife_ shelf_half_wolf _ life _ 以y 结尾的名词变复数, 分两种情况：（1）辅音字母+y结尾的名词，改y 为i 再加-es。city_ family_ dictionary_ library _ 【2013江苏盐城】Do you have any _ ? Yes, I like chess and drama best. A. jobsB. duties C. hobb
9、iesD. problems 【2014 广东】I hear you run for half an hour every day. Right, we have to.It is one of the _ in our school A.rules B.plans C.hobbies D.choices(2)元音字母+y 结尾的名词，直接在词尾加-sboy_ key _ monkey _ 2. 单数变复数的不规则变化：（1）单复数同形初中阶段掌握以下名词：【记】中国人和日本人爱护绵羊、鹿和鱼Chinese_ Japanese _ sheep_ deer _ fish _【2014广东】The
10、 students of Grade 7 visited Mikes farm and saw many _there. A.bird B.duck C.sheep D.rabbit 【2012山东东营1】Mr. Jackson keeps lots of _ on his farm. A. sheepB. chickenC. gooseD. pandas（2）单复数不同形初中阶段掌握以下名词：【记】男人和女人的孩子用脚踢了耗子的牙齿man _ woman _ child_ foot _ mouse _ tooth_【另记为】：1. child children2. man men woman
11、 women policeman policemen (规律：man men)3. foot feet tooth teeth(3) 某国人的复数： 1)中、日不变 Chinese Japanese2). 英、法变 Englishman Frenchman3). 其余s加后面 American German- Australian Canadian 【2013黑龙江绥化】 I saw some _ and _ dancing in the street the day before yesterday. A. Germen; Englishmen B. Germans; Englishmans C. Germans; Englishmen3.修饰可数名词的修饰词有：these, those, few,a few, many, how many ,too many, a good(great) many, a number of 等。【2013黑龙江齐齐哈尔】2. How many_ are there in the basket?
