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1、考点4 主旨大意,考点4 主旨大意 1.The main idea/key point of the passage is that. 2.From the passage we can know that. 3.The best title/headline of the passage must be. 4.The story mainly tells us that. 5.What does the writer mainly tell us? 6.Whats the author s main purpose? 7.The last paragraph is chiefly conce
2、rned with . 8.Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?,1.归纳文章标题,典例1 (2018课标全国,D片段) We ve all been there:in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the un
3、comfortable silence. What s the problem?It s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it s awkward and challenging, or we think it s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself a- mong strangers
4、, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.,Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can t forget that deep relationships wouldn t even exist if it weren t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(
5、润滑剂)for social communica- tion, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Insti- tute at Indiana University Southeast.“Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,”he explains. “The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others
6、, not just communicate with them.” In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group,was asked to seek out an interaction(互动)with its waiter;the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who c
7、hatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feel- ings and a better coffee shop experience.“It s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,”says Dunn.“But interactions with peripheral(边缘的)members of our social network matter for our well-being also.” D
8、unn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a signifi- cantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci be- lieves developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. “Small talk is the basis of good manners,”he says.,35.What is the best title for the text? A.Con
9、versation Counts B.Ways of Making Small Talk C.Benefits of Small Talk D.Uncomfortable Silence,思路点拨 主旨大意题。题干句意:文章最好的标题是什么?根 据第二段最后一句(专家说闲聊是一种可带来巨大益处的极有价 值的社交行为)以及最后一段最后一句(闲聊是良好举止的基础) 可知,C项“闲聊的益处”与题干要求一致,故答案为C项。A项 “会话很重要”为干扰项,错在偷换概念,conversation(会话, 交 谈)和small talk(闲谈)不是一个概念;文章没有就闲聊的方式或方 法做具体的解释,故排除B项
10、“进行闲聊的方式”;D项“令人不 安的沉默”只是第一段提到的现象之一,而不是文章的主旨。,答案 C,2.概括文章大意,典例2 (2018课标全国,B) Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for exam
11、ple, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒 野)
12、.But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it,was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000. Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They travelled over snow-covered mountains and saile
13、d hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning. An avalanche(雪崩)once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 people who
14、dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.,But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with d
15、isappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and goto see where the Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson Cityits pre
16、sent pop- ulation is 762.,26.What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson? A.They found the city too crowded. B.They wanted to try their luck elsewhere. C.They were unable to stand the winter. D.They were short of food.,思路点拨 题干句意:很多人离开道森的主要原因是什么?根据 第三段第四句话第一个逗号后的部分(当他们听说在阿拉斯加州 发现了新的金矿后,他们就像当初匆忙来道森市一样,又匆忙离开 了这里)可推断出这些人匆匆忙忙离开这里去阿拉斯加州淘金去 了,又去碰运气看能不能变富。B项“他们想去别的地方碰运 气。”与原文意思相符。,答案 B,巩固技能练,Passage 1(2018宁夏银川4月质检,B) I am a strong believer that if a child
