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1、第十一课时 主谓一致和特殊句式,李仕才,1.It was when I got back to my apartment _ I first came across my new neighbors.(2017天津卷),A.who B.where C.which D.that 答案 D 句意：当我回到我的公寓的时候，我首先遇见了我的新邻居。根据关键词It was开头，后面连词首选that，构成强调句型，但需要验证，本句中去掉It was和that，句意完整，所以确定是强调句型。故选D。,感 悟 高 考,2.The publication of Great Expectations, which
2、 _ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens status as a leading novelist.(2017 江苏卷),A.is B.are C.was D.were 答案 C 先行词是The publication Great Expectations，是书名，看作单数，所以定语从句的谓语也要使用单数形式；根据“strengthened”可知，说的是过去，故选C。句意：远大前程的出版获得了广泛的认可和高度的赞扬，这坐实了狄更斯作为前沿小说家的地位。,3.Nowadays, cycling, along
3、with jogging and swimming, _ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.(2017天津卷),A.regard B.is regarded C.are regarded D.regards 答案 B 句意：现在骑自行车，慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。根据动词短语regard.as.把看做和句意确定应该用被动语态，排除A和D，再根据主语部分是由介词短语along with连接的三个动名词做主语，谓语动词应该与along with前面的名词相一致，即用单数，排除C，故选B。,4.You are waiting
4、at a wrong place.It is at the hotel _the coach picks up tourists.(2016天津卷),A.who B.which C.where D.that 答案 D 句意：你等错地方了，长途客车是在旅馆接游客的。分析句子结构可知，此处是一个对地点状语进行强调的强调句型，故用that。,要 点 精 析,一、语法一致原则 1. 动名词、动词不定式、主语从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。,Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day. 听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。 To
5、love and to be loved is the greatest happiness in the world. 爱和被爱是这个世界上最大的幸福。,2. 主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with，together with，as well as，along with，besides，but，except，including，rather than等，谓语动词的人称和数与主语的人称和数保持一致。 3. and，both.and.连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式，但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词需用单数形式。,My father，together with
6、his workmates，has been to Beijing.我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京。 A famous writer and poet is to give a talk. 一位著名的作家兼诗人将要作一次报告。,4. 定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。在“itbe被强调部分that/who.”强调句型中，be一般用单数形式。如果强调的是主语，that/who后的谓语动词由被强调的主语决定。,It is I who am going to be a pilot. 是我将成为一名飞行员。 Anyone who has questions to ask，pl
7、ease come to my office this afternoon. 有问题要问的人，今天下午到我办公室来。,5. “more than one/many a单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；each，every，no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。,Many a desk and many a bench is to be taken out of the hall. 许多课桌和凳子将被搬出大厅。 Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party to be held on Sunday. 每个
8、男生和女生都希望参加周日的聚会。,二、意义一致原则 1. 集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family，class，team，group，public，committee，government，audience等。,The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls. 这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。 The class are doing experiments. 全班学生都在做实验。,2.“分数/百分数/the majorityof名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单
9、复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义：all，some，half，most，the rest等作主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。 3.“the形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。,70 percent of the surface of our planet is covered by water. 我们星球的表面百分之七十都被水覆盖着。 The sick have been cured and the lost have been found. 病人已被治愈，失踪的人也都找到了。,4.a quantity of后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数；谓语
10、动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义。quantities of后无论是可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。,With more and more forests being destroyed，a large quantity of good earth is being washed away each year. With more and more forests being destroyed，quantities of good earth are being washed away each year. 随着越来越多的森林被砍伐，每年有大量的沃土被冲走。,5
11、.“a number of复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，意为“许多”；“the number of复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，意为“的数量”。 6.表示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。,A number of students have gone for an outing. 许多学生去远足了。 The number of the students is increasing year after year.学生的数量逐年增加。 Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a bo
12、y. 对于一个男孩来说，3 000 美元是一笔大数目。,三、就近一致原则 1.当or，nor，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.，not.but.等连接并列主语时，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。,Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to the music. 不仅学生而且这位老师也喜欢听这种音乐。 Neither his parents nor he himself is a bank clerk. 他父母和他本人都不是银行职员。,2.在here，
13、there置于句首的倒装句中，当主语不止一个时，谓语动词通常与其邻近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。,There stands the teaching building between the two rows of trees. 教学楼在两排树之间。 There is a pencil and two pens in the pencil-box. There are two pens and a pencil in the pencil-box. 文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。,一、完全倒装,完全倒装是将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。这种结构须满足四个条件： 1.here, there,
14、 out, then, thus等副词置于句首 2.谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run, rush等表示来去或状态的动词 3.主语是名词不能是代词 4.谓语动词的时态是一般现在时或一般过去时 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轰炸机底下窜出一枚导弹。,倒装句,二、部分倒装 1.句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, in no way, not until., hardly/scarcely.when, no sooner.than等。,部分倒装是将谓
15、语的一部分如助动词或情态动词提至主语之前。这种结构有下列情况： Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她刚出门，就有个学生来访。,2.so, neither, nor位于句首时句子用部分倒装。 3.only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。,在以so, nor, neither开头的倒装句中，so用于肯定句，表示“也一样，也这样”；nor, neither用于否定句，表示“同样也不，也不这样”。 Tom can speak French.So can Jack. 汤姆会讲法语，杰克也会。 If you do
16、nt go，neither will I. 如果你不去，我也不去。 Only in this way can you learn English well. 只有用这种方式，你才能学好英语。,4.其他部分倒装。,(1)“so.that”句型中的so位于句首时，需倒装。 So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他很害怕，动也不敢动。 (2)在虚拟语气条件句中，可将if省略，把were, had, should移到主语之前。 Were I you, I would try it again. 我是你的话，就再试一次。,(3)as作为“虽然，尽管”讲，引导让步状语从句时，要用倒装结构，把状语、表语或动词原形提前，通常as可以换成though。 Much as he liked the story book, he donated it to the
