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1、Part I Reading Comprehension Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answ
2、er Sheet with a single line through the center. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage: If the salinity of ocean water is analyzed, it is found to vary only slightly from place to place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes that cause
3、a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporationconversion of liquid water to water vapor. In this manner, the salinity is increased, since the salts stay behind. If this is carried to the extreme, of course, white crystals of salt would b
4、e left behind; this, by the way, is how much of the table salt we use is actually obtained. The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is added to the ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreased. This may occur in areas of high rainfall or
5、 in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thus salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation, or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation or runoff. Normally, in tropical regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher t
6、han it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas. A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice. W
7、hen seawater is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behind. In this manner, seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeared. Of course, when this ice melts, it well tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water. In the Weddell
8、Sea, off Antarctica, the densest water in the oceans is formed as a result of this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portions of oceans of the world. 1. What is the main topic of the passage? A. Where do we get our table s
9、alt? B. Oceanic salinity in tropical regions C. Three basic processes that alter oceanic salinity D. Variations of salinity in different parts of the ocean 2. According to the author, the oceanic salinity is usually lower in _. A. tropical regions B. coastal regions C. places in which warm currents
10、and cold currents meet D. the Antarctica 3. All of the following are processes that decrease ocean salinity except _. A. precipitation B. runoff C. melting D. evaporation 4. What does the word “subtraction“ in the fourth line of the first paragraph mean? A. reduction B. influx C. transformation D. f
11、reezing 5. Which of the following is NOT a result of the formation of ice in oceans? A. The surrounding water sinks. B. The water becomes denser. C. Water salinity decreases. D. The surrounding water becomes colder. 参考答案 Part I Reading Comprehension 1. D。章的主要内容是在不同的地区和地理、温度、候条件下海洋的盐 度。 2. B。根据中信息，在沿
12、岸地区，因为有淡河流的注，所以盐度较低。 3. D。中第段指出，蒸发使海洋失去分，留下了盐分，盐的浓度就此增 加。降、径流、溶化都是减少盐分的过程。 4. A。subtraction的意思是“减少，抽”。 5. C。中很明确指出，海洋中冰的形成会引起盐度的增加。所以C显然不是海 结冰的结果。 Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage: More than a century ago, the relationship between glacial ice and the amount of water in the ocean
13、basins was first seen. When the great ice sheet covered vast land areas, the sea level was lowered because the normal return of water from land to the ocean was reduced. As a result, the sea level rose as Ice Age glaciers melted allowing the melted waters to flow into the ocean. If all the glacial i
14、ce on the surface of the earth today should melt, the sea level might rise by more than 150 feet. Shoreline variations are also produced through elevation or depression of the land. During times of glacier formations the great weight of the ice slowly depressed the earths crust. Removal of the weigh
15、t through glacier melting allowed the slow return of the crust to its former position. Changes in the Great Ice climates from cool and wet to warm and dry produced climate changes far from the glaciated area. For example, at times of cool- wet glacial climates, levels of inland lakes rose, in contra
16、st to the depression of sea level. During the warm-dry interglacial climates, lake levels were lowered. The ancient lake Bonneville, largest of the glacial lakes in Western United States, once covered more than 20,000 square miles. It had a maximum depth of more than 1,000 feet. Great Salt Lake in Utah is the shrunken remnant of this once large lake. Although the first time that early man walked on the earth is uncertain, he is largely a product of the
