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1、Part 1 The AngloSaxon Period（449-1066）秧格鲁-撒克逊时期1. Historical BackgroundCelts 400B.C. Romans 50B.C.AngloSaxons 450A.D Norman Invasion 1066A.D.Roman empire从albion撤军，teutonic tribes(包括angles, Saxons,jutes)（条顿人or日耳曼人）陆续登陆此
2、地 2. Literature 1,pagan异教徒文学 2 christian基督徒文学 alliterative verse头韵诗Epic: Beowulf贝奥武甫（Denmark背景）（the hall heorot鹿庁，grendel:a monster half-human）1) Oral origin, recited in court, handed down in generations until finally it was recorded by certain poet.上下部分由pagan写，插入由christian写2) a mixture of his
3、tory and legend.，englands national epic民国史诗Part II The Anglo-Norman Period(1066-1350)秧格鲁-诺曼时期1. Historical BackgroundRoman conquest,接着是english conquest，最后是norman conquest。The Norman Conquest in 1066Duke William of Normandy claimed himself William I, King of England.（the battle of hastings希斯廷战役
4、）KingsBarons男爵Knights, a feudal system of hierarchy统治集团 was formed2. The languageUpper classes: French, Latin The common people: Old EnglishThree languages co-existed in England. French became the official language used by the king and the Norman lords; Latin became the principal tongu
5、e of church affairs and in universities; and Old English was spoken only by the common English people. 3.The literatureRomance was a type of literature that was very popular in the Middle Ages. It is about the life and adventures undertaken by a knight.It reflected the spirit of chivalry骑士制度. The co
6、ntent of romance: love, chivalry and religion. It involves fighting, adventures. Subject matter:Geoffreys History杰弗里史记，riming chronicles押韵编年史，metricalverse格律诗体，doggerel verse打油诗体1) the Matter of France eg. Charlemagne and his peers查理曼大帝和他的骑士2) Matter of Greece and Rome eg Akexabder亚历山大大帝3) Matter of
7、 Britain tales having for their heroes Arthur and his knights of the Round Table 3. main literatureSir Gawain and the green knight.高文爵士和绿衣骑士（arthur，gawain,green knight, morgain the fay-woman妖精摩根, the green girdle绿腰带）Part III Geoffrey Chaucer (13401400)杰弗里.乔叟时期1. Historical BackgroundHe was liv
8、ing at the same time as the writer of Sir Gawain.In 1350 AD, 100 Years' War between England and France.The English won, they controlled large French territory领土. The Henry VI lost it all. He is father of English poetryWar of the Roses 1455-1485 AD2. What's middle ages like
9、?1). The medieval society: hierarchy 等级制度social system. 2). Another important thing in the medieval society is Christianity基督God-centered thinking, mind ideology思想体系3. Life and work of ChaucerChaucer lived between (1340-1400). His life is closely connected with the King and the royal family. C
10、haucer is working in a royal family as a page小侍臣. He married the sister of Gaunt's wife. He became a government official.He is very much exposed to the influence of Italy of the culture. E. G. Dante但丁, Patriarch,主教 Boccaccio-the Decameron薄伽丘著十日谈,Chaucer chose the metrical form which laid the fou
11、ndation of the English tonico-syllabic verse.乔叟第一次在英国用韵脚韵律诗形式来创作诗歌，开创了英国文学以重音-音节为基础的格律诗先河。首创heroic couplet英雄双行体。His career can be divided into several periods1. French 1360-1370 translate French poetry2. Italian 1372-13863. English The Canterbury tales4. The Canterbury talesHe go
12、t his stories from various sources, Greek authors, Roman authors, Italian, French, but there is no doubt about Chaucer's originality. He retells the stories in his own way. The stories are told by a group of people on their way to and back from Canterbury. Pilgrims 朝圣者tell stories to pass the ti
13、me. The journey is used as a kind of device to unite the various tales Nun修女:Her enthusiasm for grace, trying to become someone that she is not, she cannot possibly be. -Pretentiousness, pretending伪装too muchChaucer has different attitude to different characters第一句：as soon as april pierc
14、es to the root, the drought of march, and bathes each bud and shootThe significance of his writing1) it gives a comprehensive广泛的 picture of Chaucers time2) the dramatic structure3) Chaucers humor4) Chaucers contribution to the English language. Ever since the Norman Conquest the French language was
15、the language at the court and the upper classes, and Latin was the language of the learned and the church. Chaucer used the native language English and proved that the English language is a beautiful language. He increased the prestige 威信of the English language.5. Popular ballads大众民谣A ballad is a na
16、rrative叙述 poem that tells a story. It is about particular incidents, usually dramatic. Ballets tell stories-about tragic悲剧的 incidents. They are written in a special musical pattern, ballad meter-four meters, couplets（相连并押韵的两行诗）two line in a unit or quatrain 四行诗_ ababcdcdCharacteristics:1) The beginning is often abrupt突然地. No introduction of the characters and the background of the tale2) There are strong dramatic elements. A ballad deals with a single episode插曲3) the story is often told through dialogue and
