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1、 3 VDA Quality Management in the Automotive Industry Conformity of Production Testing of Cars Quality Assurance Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Consumption 9 ContentsPage Foreword2 1. Introduction4 2. Calibration and accuracy5 2.1General5 2.2Statutory procedures6 2.2.1Test fuel6 2.3Additional quality ass
2、urance procedures7 3. Test procedure8 4. Sampling9 4.1Exhaust emission and fuel consumption values9 4.2Vehicle selection9 4.3Sample size and frequency10 4.4Influencing and deterioration factors10 5. Calculation / Action11 6. Documentation13 6.1Statutory requirements13 6.2Volume13 6.3Detailing13 6.4O
3、ther14 7. Auditing15 Foreword The introduction of the stage II EC limits (94/12/EC) and the EC directive 93/116 (CO2 or fuel consumption regulation) brings with it new requirements for monitoring the conformity of production (COP). These regulations involve extensive measures by car manufacturers to
4、 ensure the product quality regarding exhaust emissions and fuel consumption. Throughout the world and in the wake of growing environmental awareness, an increasing number of countries has issued national emission and fuel consumption regulations which make similar demands on the quality of producti
5、on vehicles. The American EPA s Code of Federal Regulation (CFR) and the Californian ARB are seen worldwide as forerunners of and models for the automotive exhaust emission legislation of other countries or groups of countries. The DIN/ EN/ ISO standards 9000 - 9004 are increasingly seen as the new
6、guideline for the organization of Quality Management(QM) systems. Under the provisions of the new EC operating licence in accordance with the directive 70/156/EEC in the wording of 92/53/EC, the responsible authorities must examine before a type approval certificate can be issued “whether the necess
7、ary measures have been taken and are in place to ensure the effective control of the conformity of the manufactured vehicles, systems, components or independent technical units in line with the approved vehicle type”. Certification of the respective QM systems in accordance with DIN EN ISO 9000 ensu
8、res and documents compliance with this legal requirement. The effect of these standards, regulations and directives on monitoring the exhaust emission and fuel consumption performance of production vehicles is as follows: Establishing and producing evidence that measurement procedures that exist and
9、 are in accordance with legal requirements. Monitoring and documenting compliance with the respective exhaust emission and fuel consumption limits. Possibility of random product sampling and testing by the regulatory authorities. Possibility of records being inspected by the regulatory authorities.
10、Based on the aforementioned statutory requirements, this VDA publication aims to create the necessary framework for monitoring the fuel consumption and exhaust emission behaviour of production vehicles. This means especially the specification of minimum requirements for a quality assurance system re
11、garding the exhaust emission and fuel consumption performance of production vehicles; the acceptability of recorded data in case of COP inspections by the authorities. This publication has been prepared by the “Emissions and Fuel Consumption” group of the VDA/DGQ Technical Committee “Quality Managem
12、ent in the Automobile Industry”. This working group comprises the following membership: Audi AG Bayrische Motorenwerke AG Mercedes-Benz AG Ford Werke AG Adam Opel AG Porsche AG Volkswagen AG The members of the VDA/DGQ TC passed the present volume 9 in the VDA publication series on 12.10.94. By descr
13、ibing the necessary test and selection procedures, it is hoped that this publication provides a framework which helps to ensure the quality of exhaust emission and fuel consumption of passenger cars and light commercial vehicles, and in doing so, of ensuring the acceptance of the data and procedures
14、 by the authorities. Frankfurt am Main, July 1995 VERBAND DER AUTOMOBILINDUSTRIE E.V. (VDA) 1. Introduction In almost all countries around the world the exhaust emissions of passenger cars and commercial vehicles have for years been subject to statutory regulations. In addition, national authorities
15、 are increasingly revising and monitoring the compliance of new vehicles with existing exhaust emission standards. The exhaust emission and fuel consumption levels of individual vehicles are a function of a variety of components which affect the exhaust emission performance. Each of these components
16、 is produced to different tolerances. If we look at the tolerance chain of these components in all its complexity, their operation and their effect on the vehicle s exhaust emission performance can, normally, only be assessed by conducting exhaust emission tests in accordance with the applicable national regulations of the territory. Car manufacturers conduct emission and fuel consumption tests on production vehicles for the following reasons: To verif
