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1、Grammar,名词性从句,Grammar,What kind of noun clauses they are?,1. What life will be like in the future is difficult to predict.,主语从句,2. They are careful about what they eat and exercise regularly.,宾语从句,3. 6. The discussion topic for today is what school will be like in the future. 表语从句,4. We cannot be su
2、re whether our dreams will come true, but we can at least be hopeful that.,宾语从句,5. He told me the news, believe it or not, that he had earned $1000 in a single day.,同位语从句,种类,主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句,1.The photographs will show you _. A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. h
3、ow does our village look like D. how our village looks like 2.You can hardly imagine _when he heard the news . A. how he was excited B. how was he excited C. how excited he was D. he was how excited,语序问题,3.He asked _ for a violin. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how
4、 much I paid 4. I couldnt understand _ with me. A. the matter was what B. what the matter was C. what was the matter D. that was the matter,结论：名词性从句应选用陈述句语序。,关联词,名词性从句的连接词,一、主语从句（一般位于句首）,1.连词 that (无词义,不作成分,不能省略); whether(是否),不用if. That he will come and help us is certain. Whether we will succeed is
5、 still a question.,注意: 已确定的事由 that 引导; 没决定的事由 whether 引导.,3.连接副词when(ever), where(ever), why, how(ever), how long, how often, how soon, how far, how many / much 等.,When the test will be given is not yet decided. How much we can spend must be agreed on.,2. 连接代词 what, whatever, who（m）, whoever, whose,
6、 which, whichever 等.,What was most important to her, she told me, was her family. Whose ticket this is has not been found out.,1._ I cant understand is why he has changed his mind. 2._ the earth is round is known to us all. 归纳：,What,That,连词_在从句中不作成分，不含有疑问意义，而_在从句中作成分，常含有疑问意义。,that,what,_ you dont li
7、ke him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 2. _ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. A.What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 3. _ we cant get seems better than _ we have. A. What;what B. What ;that C. That;that D. That;what,1.主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用 单数形式. That t
8、hey will come is certain.,2.由who, whoever引导的主语从句，主句谓语动词的单复数要视从句中的单复数而定. Whoever say that are to be punished. Who he is doesnt concern me.,3.What 引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定. What he wants are these books. What he wants is some water.,主语从句的主谓一致,二. 宾语从句,注：多个并列的宾语从句，只有第一个宾从的 that可省； 有插入语时不能省略that.,He s
9、aid (that) he had finished reading this novel and that he would borrow another one. We decided, in view of（考虑到） his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary (试用的) period.,当that 引导的从句作复合宾语的第一个 成分时，需用先行词it 作形式宾语，把从句放到句末，that 不能省略。,We consider it possible that he is ill. I feel
10、 it a pity that she cant come. I heard it said that he had gone to Australia. He made it clear that he objected to the plan.,2. 由wh-疑问词引导。,We fully understood what he meant. Go and ask why he was late yesterday. Please tell me which is mine. I asked how he was getting on. We will choose whoever is f
11、it. Whatever he does he does well. He asked me whether or not I was busy.,1. 介词后的宾语从句. Everything depends on whether it is fine tomorrow. 2. whetheror not的宾语从句. I dont know whether or not shell like it. 3. 复合不定式只能用whether. Tell us whether to go or stay here. 但: 宾语从句否定时常用if引导. He asked if you would n
12、ot go and see him.,whether 与if 有时可以换用，但下列情况只能用whether.,另附：,1）、主语从句置于句首 Whether she likes the present is not clear to me. 2）、表语从句 My main problem right now is whether I should ask for an other loan（贷款）. 3）、同位语从句 Answer my question whether you are coming.,4.另附：(只用whether 不用if),1. I dont know _ Ill be
13、free tomorrow. 2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow. 3. The question is _ this book is worth writing. 4. It depends on _ we will have enough money. 5. _ they can do it matters little to us. 6.The manager asked me the question _ I would like to be his secretary. 7._ you are not free tomorrow
14、, Ill go without you.,whether/if,whether,whether,whether,Whether,If,用if 或whether 填空,whether,三. 表语从句,表语从句的引导词与主语从句和宾语从句相同. （that引导无意义，不充当成分，不能省;wh-等连接副词引导，根据句意判断） 但:1. that引导表语从句时不能省. 2. if不能引导表语从句. 3. seem, appear后可接that引导的从句, 而 look则不可. 这三个词后都可用as if / as though 引导从句. It seems / appears that he was
15、 late for the train yesterday. It seems / appears / looks as if we have to go home on foot.,The news that our team has won the match is true. His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway.,四. 同位语从句 （ that引导，无意义，不充当成分；wh-等连接副词引导 根据句意判断。）,同位语从句一般跟在名词fact,news, promise,truth,belief,thoug
16、ht,idea, answer,information,knowledge,doubthope,law,opinion,plan,suggestion后面, 用以说明或解释前面的名词.,注: 1. that 引导同位语从句与that 引导定语从句的区别: 引导同位语从句的that 无实际意义, 不作从句的任何成分, 而引导定语从句的that 是从句中的某个成分.,He told me the news that our team won the match. He told me the news that was very exciting.,2. 在have no idea 之后常用wh-引导同位语从句.,I have no idea where
