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1、为了适应公司新战略的发展，保障停车场安保新项目的正常、顺利开展，特制定安保从业人员的业务技能及个人素质的培训计划美国签证,研修计划,模板留学美国签证研究计划模板大全DescriptionsoftheresearchplanTitle:Synthesis,FormationMechanism,andPropertiesofDifferentMetal/MetalNanostructuresKeywords:Multi-ShellNanostructures,IonicLiquids,Electrochemistry,Multi-Functionality,PorousMetalMaterials
2、,Low-Dimensionality,GreenChemistryObjectives:Thisprogramistodevelopanovelmethodforfabricatingheterogeneousoralloyeddifferentmetal/metallow-dimensionalnanostructures,forexample,multi-shellorporousAg-Aunanowires,nanorods,andnanocubesusinganionicliquidasboththesolventandshape-inducingtemplate.Synthesis
3、ofionicliquids(ILs)withdifferentalkylchainsandfunctionalgroups,aswellastheformationofdifferentmetal/metalnanostructureswithnewpropertiesareinvolvedinthisresearchplan.Alloyedorheterogeneousmulti-shellnanostructuresaregeneratedbyutilizingelectrochemical(electroless)depositionorasimplegalvanicreplaceme
4、ntreactioninILs.Bycontrollingthesize,shape,composition,crystalstructureandsurfacepropertiesofthesestructures,itenablesusnotonlytouncovertheirintrinsicproperties,butexploittheirformationmechanisminILsmedia,aswellastheirapplicationsincatalysis,surface-enhancedRamanscattering(SERS),sensors,porouselectr
5、odes,etc.Thisgreenchemistryprocessalsomaybeextendedtosynthesizeotherorganicandinorganicnanostructureswithnovelproperties,morphologyandcomplexform.State-of-the-artMetalnanostructureshavenumerousapplicationsasnanoscalebuildingblocks,templates,andcomponentsinchemicalandbiologicalsensors,aswellaselectro
6、nic/opticaldevices,duetotheirinterestingoptical,catalyticandelectricalpropertiesthatdependstronglyonbothsizeandshape.Overthepastdecade,impressiveprogresshasbeenmadetowardsthefairlygoodshapeandsizecontrolofmetalnanostructures12.Fornoblemetals,moreemphasisisplacedontuningthenovelshape-dependentpropert
7、iesofthesenanostructuresincontrasttothesize-dependency.Avarietyofmetallicbuildingblockswithuniquepropertieshavebeensynthesizedincludingcubes34,prisms5,disks6,andhollownanostructures7.Currentlytheinterestsmigratetothesynthesisandapplicationofmorecomplexstructureswithdifferentmetals,suchasmulti-shella
8、ndheterogeneousnanostructureshavingnewproperties89,couplingaconceptionforoptimizingpreparativestrategiesinanenvironmentallybenignsystem10.Therefore,besidescreatingnovelnanostructureswithuniqueproperties,aproblemarisingfromtheutilizationofvolatileorpoisonousorganicsolventsandadditivesisofmuchconcerni
9、nviewofcleanertechnologythroughoutbothindustryandacademia.Mostofthecurrentshapeselectivesynthesisofmetalnanostructuresthattheiropticalpropertiesaremarkedlyaffectedbytheirshapeandaspectratioarecenteredeitheronasolidsubstratebyphysicalmethodsorinaqueousororganicmediathroughchemicalprocedures2.Forinsta
10、nce,complexandhighlyregularcrystallinesilverinukshukarchitecturescanbeproduceddirectlyonagermaniumsurfacethroughasimplegalvanicdisplacementreactionthatonlythreeingredientswererequired:silvernitrate,water,andgermanium11.Despitetheseadvancements,however,limitedreportshavebeenreportedonhowtheparticlemo
11、rphologyanddimensionalitycouldberegulatedbytheutilizationofILs12.Recently,environmentallybenignroom-temperatureionicliquids(RTILs)havereceivedincreasingattentionworldwideduetotheirfavorablepropertiesincludingexcellentthermalandchemicalstability,goodsolubilitycharacteristics,highionicconductivity,neg
12、ligiblevaporpressure,nonflammability,relativelylowviscosity,andawideelectrochemicalwindow.Thisclassoffluidmaterialscontainscomplicatedmolecularinteractionssuchasionicinteractions,hydrogenbonding,-interactions,andamphiphilicpolarization,renderingvariousmolecularstructuresfrommerelylocalordernessuptom
13、acroscopicthermotropicorlyotropicliquidcrystallinephases13.Theseadvantagesmakethemactivelybeingemployedasgreensolventsfororganicchemicalreactions,extractionandseparationtechnologies,catalysis,solarcells,andelectrochemicalapplications1415.IncontrasttotremendousgrowthinR&Donapplicationofionicliquidsto
14、chemicalprocessing,theuseofRTILsininorganicsynthesisisstillinitsinfancy.Therehavebeenonlyafewreportsontheshape-and-dimensioncontrolledformation,byusingRTILs,ofhollowTiO2microspheres16andnanowiresofpalladium17,goldnanosheets12,telluriumnanowires18,flower-likeZnOnanostructures19,andCuClnanoplatelets20
15、.Sofar,alloyedmetalstructures,eithersphericalnanoparticlesornanocompositefilms,havebeengeneratedinRTILsusingelectrochemicaldepositionofnanocrystallinemetalssuchasAl-Fe,andAl-Mnalloysondifferentsubstrates21.However,formationofmulti-shellorhollownanostructuresbycontrollingboththeshapeanddimensioninRTI
16、Lshasnotyetappearedinliterature,especiallyusinganelectrochemicalapproach.Itisthereforeproposedinthisprogramthatanewroutetoopticallyorcatalyticallytunethepropertiesofcomplexmetal/metalnanostructuresthroughthecontrolofshapeanisotropyandsurfacemorphologyisestablishedinRTILsusingagreenchemistryapproach.ThereasonswechooseRTILsasreactionmediaarenotonlyintheviewofenvironmentprotection,butintheconsiderati
