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1、Non-restrictive attributive clauses 非限制性定语从句,-赵老师,who/that,Who is he?,*The man _ is sitting there is Brad Pitt. *The man she speaks to is Brad Pitt. The man _ she speaks is Brad Pitt.,to whom,who/whom /that/-,Who is she?,Cecilia, _ took weight-loss pills, now realizes that health is important. Cecil
2、ia, _ body is thin, still wants to lose some weight （减肥）.,who,whose,限制性定语从句与先行词之间不用逗号隔开； 非限制性定语从句与先行词之间一般用逗号隔开。,My cousin whose father is a teacher wants to be an actor. My cousin , whose father is a teacher , wants to be an actor.,1.A.This is the place where I lived ten years ago . B. The school,wh
3、ere I once studied,was built thirty years ago. 2.A.He is a man who I can ask for help. B.His father , who works in Beijing, came back yesterday,限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切，如果去掉从句，剩余部分意义不完整；非限制性定语从句只是先行词的附加说明，如果去掉从句，意义仍然完整。,1.I have a sister who works in a hospital.,我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。,2. I have a sister , who works i
4、n a hospital.,我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。,3.All the magazines here which have beautiful pictures in them were written by him.,里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。,4.All the magazines here , which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.,所有的杂志都是他写的，里面都有漂亮的图画。,有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制性从句会改变全句的意思,（不只一位姐姐）,（只有一位姐姐）,（杂志有带图画和不带图画两类）
5、,（杂志只有一种）,Fill in the blanks with proper relative words. 1.The famous basketball star, _is an American,came to China yesterday. 2.In those days,she used to go to Mr black,with _she had a wonderful time. 3.I bought a car yesterday,_ cost me a lot. 4.Xian, _I visited last year, is a nice old city. 5.H
6、e will come to see me next July, _ he wont be so busy. 6.The school,_I once studied,was built thirty years ago. 7.John said hed been working in the office for an hour,_ was true.,who,whom,which,which,when,where,which,Are these sentences attributive clauses? He told me a story, which is already known
7、 to all. He came late, which made the teacher angry. He missed the movie, which was a great pity. “which” can be used to refer to _.,He is such a clever boy _ can solve all the questions. This is such an interesting book _ interests all students. This is so difficult a question _ no one can work out
8、. He is so popular a person _ we all like to talk with. I bought the same car _ he is driving.,1. He is a hard working student, _ we all know. 2. He has won first prize, _ we all expected. 3. _ we hoped, he came to help us. 4. _ was planned, the work was finished on time.,“as” can be used to refer t
9、o a whole sentence.,Which和as引导非限制性定从时的用法区别：1.which引导的非限制性定从不能置于句首，而as非限定从可放在句首，句中或句末。,2.由as构成的常见搭配如：as we all know,as is known to all,as is said above等表“正如”之意，而which 不能。,3.As 引导的从句在意义上一般不与主句意义相背离。,as 引导的非限制性定语从句一些固定句型： 1as has been said before 如上所述 2as may be imagined 正如可以想象出来的那样 3as is well known 众
10、所周知 4as was expected 正如预料的那样 5as has been already pointed out 正如已经指出的那样 6as we all can see 正如我们都会看到的那样,Eg.As is known to everybody,the moon travels around the earth once every month.,Asis often the case(情况通常如此），we have worked out the plan.,As is reported in the newspaper,talks between two countries
11、are making progress.,Whats the difference between “which” and “as” when they refer to a whole sentence?,Structure: “as” can be used in front of the sentence As was expected, we won the game. We won the game, as was expected. Meaning: “as” always means: 正如一样,He missed the show,which was a great pity.
12、 He invited me to dinner, which made me happy.,非限制性定语从句中关系代词which/as可指整个主句的意思或一部分意思。As引导的定语从句既可以位于句末，也可以位于句首或句中。 As everyone knows,China is a country with a long history.正如大家所知，中国是一个有着悠久历史的国家。 She is a teacher, as is clear from her manner. 她是位教师，这一点从她的举止可以清楚地看出。,More examples,3。非限制性定从还能将整个主句作为先行词，对其
13、进行修饰，这是从句谓语动词用第三人称单数。 eg.He seems not to have grasped what I meant,which greatly upsets me.,eg.Liquid water changes to vapor,which is called evaporation.,典型例题,Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _, of course, made the others envy(嫉妒) him. (2004, 天津卷) A. who B. that C. what
14、D. which,D,Carol said the work would be done by October, _ personally(就我个人而论) I doubt(怀疑) very much. (1999) A. it B. that C. when D. which,D,关系代词：which / who / whom / whose /as 关系副词：when / where (非限制性定语从句中不用关系词that；非限制性定语从句中关系词不能省略),非限制性定语从句中通常使用下列关系代词和副词,在of which/whom之前可以使用表达数量或定位的数词或代词。,1.I am do
15、ing different types of exercises, all of _are quite helpful to my health. 2.Many people , some of _are not overweight , are going on diets. 3.There are 54 students in my class, three of _come from US.,Other examples,which,whom,whom,典型例题,The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _ are sold abroad. (2004, 辽宁卷) A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that,A,Its the same in China-many people, some of whom are not overweight at all, are always going on diet or taking weight-loss pills, which are often dangerous.,The book was written in 1946, _the educa
