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1、,2014高考英语新题型 语法填空题,二、高考英语科去除单句型语言知识题的原因,1. 不符合交际语言测试理论的要求 交际语言测试理论注重语境的作用，强调应该在语篇层次培养和考查学生的语言能力。单句类试题虽然强调语言情景的完整性，但受单词数量的限制，难以达到情景真实性和交际真实性的要求。 2. 对英语教学的导向较差 英语教学应注重学生听、说、读、写能力的全面发展，而该类型试题易诱使教师花费大量时间讲解语法知识，考生花费不必要的精力研究答题策略，这势必影响对学生其他能力的培养。,3. 容易向学生输入错误信息 这类试题在给出正确选项的同时，必须设计若干（多为3个）似是而非的错误选项，易加深学生对错误
2、的印象，影响学生良好语言习惯的形成。 4. 容易出现一题有多个可接受答案的情况 随着语言的发展，人们对语言规范程度的容忍度也更加宽容，过去很多不可接受的语言现象不时出现在英语国家的正规媒体上，而作为外语学习者的命题人员很难迅速捕捉到这些变化。这就容易产生一题有多个可接受答案的情况，影响考试的科学性和公平性。 鉴于存在以上缺陷，单句型语言知识题已不适合继续存在于高度敏感的高考英语试卷中。此外，去除此题型有助于减少试卷中选择题的数量，为增加试卷中任务的多样性提供空间。,三、语篇型语法填空题的引进,适当的语法知识学习有助于提高外语学习者运用语言的准确性。语法也一直是中学英语教学的重点关注的内容之一。
3、课程标准中明确规定：高中学生应该学习和掌握的英语语言基础知识包括语音、词汇、语法、功能和话题等五方面的内容。为了贯彻课程标准的精神，同时考虑到高考对中学英语教学的反驳作用，试卷中仍应保留专门考查语法知识运用的内容；而为了提高考试的科学性，应该引进能从语篇层次考查考生对所学语法知识运用情况的题型。语篇型语法填空题以其以下优点获得了试卷设计人员的青睐：,1. 任务真实性强 任何一个语篇中都存在大量可用于学习、研究的语法知识，以这样的语篇作为考查语法的材料更符合语言学习的真实情景，而且语篇丰富的上下文内容也能够更有效地考查对语法知识的运用情况。 2. 能够对中学英语教学产生良好的反拨作用 将对语法的
4、考查提高到语篇层次，且考查类型由选择型变为填写型，能够引导中学英语教学加强对学生精细阅读能力和语言知识运用能力的培养。,3. 有助于高考英语试卷继续保持较高的信度 信度是大规模的高利害考试非常重视的一个指标。该题的答案虽有开放度，但可控性强，属于半客观性试题，评分误差很小，能够使高考英语科仍然保持较高的信度。 4. 可以增加试卷中题型的多样性 标准化考试采取多种方式和多种题型往往更为公平，这是因为某些考生在某种题型上的表现要比在其他题型上的表现更好。因此，在对重要能力进行评价时可以尝试采用多种方式和多种题型，而语篇型语法填空题的引入即是试题设计人员在这方面的尝试。,语篇型语法填空题的形式为：在
5、一篇200词左右的语篇（短文或对话）中留出10处空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，所填写词语不得多于3个单词。考生须灵活运用语法知识，如单词词性、单词时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等判断各空白处应填写的内容。,（短文体）,One of my fathers favorite 1 (say) as I was growing up was “Try it!” I couldnt say I didnt like something, 2 it might be, until after I tried it. Over t
6、he years Ive come to realize how much of my success I owe to my 3 (accept) of those words as one of my values. My first job was just one I decided to try for a couple of years until I determined what I wanted to do as a career (职业). 4 (actual) I believed I would work for a few years, get 5 (marry),
7、stay home and raise a family, so I didnt think the job I took mattered that much. I couldnt 6 more mistaken. I mastered the skills of that 7 (begin) level position and I was given the opportunity (机会) to move up through the company into 8 (differ) positions. I accepted each new opportunity with the
8、thought. “Well, Ill try it; 9 I dont like it I can always go back to my 10 (early) position.” But I was with the same company for the past 28 years.,Sayings,whatever,acceptance,Actually,married,have been,beginning,different,if,Earlier,参考答案,sayings whatever acceptance Actually married have been begin
9、ning different if Earlier 注：有提示词7个（say, accept, actual, marry, begin, differ, early）; 无提示词3个（whatever, have been, if）；第6小题填2个词。,Mum: (putting on her coat) Im going to have to go down to the shop for more bread. Alan: Why? Mum: Im not sure what 1 (happen). I made some sandwiches earlier and let them
10、on the table 2 I went to answer the phone. But someone must have taken them because theyre 3 (go). Alan: Oh, it must have been Dad. Im sure he was in the kitchen 4 (early). Mum: No, he went off to his tennis match before I finished 5 (make) them, so he couldnt have done it, 6 , he couldnt carry a pl
11、ate of sandwiches as well as all his tennis stuff, so Im sure 7 wasnt him. Alan: (opening the fridge door) Well, it wasnt me. But Mum, look! Are these your sandwiches here on the bottom shelf of 8 fridge? Mum: Are they there? Oh, my goodness. I 9 (put) them in there when the phone rang. Oh, dear. I
12、really must be losing my 10 . Now, why did I put on my coat?,happened,when,gone,earlier,making,Anyway,it,the,Must have put,Mind/memory,参考答案,happened when gone earlier 5. making 6. Anyway 7. it 8. the 9. must have put 10. mind/memory 注：有提示词5个（happen，go, early, make, put）; 无提示词5个（when, anyway, it, the
13、 mind/memory）；第9小题填3个词。,有提示词,名词,形容词,副词,动词,作谓语,1. 词性转换 形容词、副词、动词,2. 名词所有格,1. 词性转换,2. 比较级或最高级, 加前缀变成其反义词,同形容词,时态，注意常考时态,语态，即被动语态,语气，即虚拟语气,1. 词性转换,不作谓语,2.非谓语,1. to do 表:将来/目的,2. V-ing 表:主动/进行,3. V-ed 表:被动/完成,名词之前,尤其是泛指”一”,或特指某个人或事物;泛指用a/an,特指用the,当空格后的名词在句中不是作主语，表语或动词宾语时，选填介词；注意 搭配 常为介词考查主要内容依据。,空格前后都是
14、句子（一个主谓就为一个句子）；前后都是并列单词或短语 1. 单词/短语+并列连词+单词/短语；2. 一个句子+并连/从连+一个句子 3. 从属连词+一个句子，一个句子（主句）；,人称代词、不定代词、反身代词,物主代词：形容词性物主代词后必须加名词; 名词性物主代词作主语，宾语，本身就是名词，后不需再加名词。,指代上文事物 形式主语 形式宾语 强调句型,语法填空题的训练,（一） 用planner, plan, to plan, planned填空 I have a _ that will make me a millionaire. The city _ suggested that more
15、parks should be built. When Alberto finishes school, he _ to join a computer company. An organized person does everything in a _ way.,（二）用warmth, to warm, warm, warmly填空。 Its too _ in here; please turn down the heat. The waitress greeted us _ when we entered the restaurant. For dinner tonight, Im ju
16、st going to _ up some leftovers. Nothing feels as good as the _ of a fire on a cold night.,One Sunday morning in August I went to local music festival. I left (http:/) it early because I had an appointment 16 (late) that day. My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me 17 the bus arrived. I got on the bus and found a seat near the ba
