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1、Lesson 52 A pretty carpet,(现在完成时和现在完成进行时) 现在完成时 一、现在完成时的意义及其构成： 现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态, 其结果的影响现在还存在; 也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成: have (has) +过去分词,二、通常使用现在完成时的几种情况： 1、表示过去发生的事对现在仍有影响。 The disappearance of Justin has made Kelly very unhappy(Justin在过去失踪，但Kelly至今仍旧为他的失踪感到不高兴) 2、表示过去开始的动作一直延续到现在。 I havent seen
2、 Justin since last Friday night(从上周五晚上到现在一直都没有见到过 3、表示动作的确切时间不明确或不重要。 The boy has already come home(男孩已经回家，但没有指出何时回家) 4、表示刚结束的动作。 The police have just finished searching the area(警方刚结束对该地区的搜查) 5、表示反复发生的动作。 Some villagers say that they have seen UFOs many times(村民们曾多次看到UFO),三、常与现在完成时连用的时间状语 1、表示过去的事或
3、动作对现在有影响，动作的时间不明确、不重要或动作刚结束，一般可用already(用于肯定句或疑问句)、yet(用于否定句或疑问句)、ever、just、recently、lately never等。除此之外，before也可用于现在完成时。 The boy has already come home男孩已经来家了。 I havent heard anything from him yet/ recentlylately. 近来，我没收到他的任何信件。 The police have just finished searching the area警方已经结束对这个地区的搜查。 Ive met
4、the old man somewhere before我以前在某个地方见过那位老人。,2、表示动作从过去开始，并一直延续到现在，一般可用forsince短语或由since引导的时间状语从句。在介词for后一般跟表示一段时间的短语，在since后一般跟表示某个时间的短语，或表示过去时间的状语从句。 We havent seen him for two yearssince 2002 我两年没见到他了/自从2002年以来就没见过他。 We havent seen him since he left Nanjing 自从他离开南京我们就一直没见到过他。 3、 表示反复发生的动作，一般可用数词+ti
5、mes、recently和lately等。 Some villagers say that they have seen UFOs many times/ recently/lately 一些村民说他们多次/近来看到飞碟。,四、用于现在完成时的句型： 1) It is the first / second time that结构中的从句部分, 用现在完成时。如果主句是过去时，从句相应地改为过去完成时。例如： It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次参观这座城市。 It was the third time that th
6、e boy had been late. 这是男孩第三次迟到了。 2) sb./ sth. + be + 形容词最高级+ that结构, that从句要用现在完成时。如果主句是过去时，从句相应地改为过去完成时。例如： This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 这是我看过的电影中最好的一部。 You are the most creative man that I have ever met. 你是我遇到过的人中最有创造性的一位。 3) since 引导时间状语从句时，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。例如： It has been/ is a l
7、ong time since I last came to the city. 自从我上次到城里来，已经有好长一段时间了。 I started my teaching career at the school. That was more than twenty years ago, and I have been there ever since.,注意: 非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。 (错) I have received his letter for a month. (对) I received this letter a mon
8、th ago. (对) I havent received his letter for almost a month. 比较since和for,一般过去时与现在完成时的区别,现在完成进行时 一、现在完成进行时的意义及其构成： 现在完成进行时表示某一动作在过去开始发生, 已经持续到现在, 并且还将持续, 或刚刚停止。 其构成: have (has) +been + doing I have been learning English for three years. (学英语这个动作从三年前开始持续到现在，还将继续学) I have been waiting three hours for y
9、ou. (等待从过去开始，一直持续到现在，刚刚结束),二、通常使用现在完成进行时的两种情况： 1 表示过去开始的动作一直延续到现在并仍在继续之中。 I have not been sleeping well since I returned home (“我”回家后一直都没有睡好，现在也没有睡好) 2 表示过去开始的动作刚结束并在某种情况下与现在有关联。 Kelly：Sorry Im lateHave you been waiting long? (凯利刚到，对方虽然不再等了，但已一直等到现在) Sally：YesI have been waiting for an hour 现在完成进行时和
10、现在完成时皆可表示动作对现在产生的结果，但前者所表示的结果是直接的，而后者所表示的则是最后的结果。 如：We have been cleaning the classroom我们打扫教室来着。 其直接结果可能是：我们身上都是灰。表示教室刚刚打扫过。 We have cleaned the classroom我们把教室打扫过了。 其结果是：现在教室很清洁，可以用了。表示教室可能是昨天打扫的。,一、找出课文中现在完成时和现在你完成进行时的句子。 二、完成课后习题，（用括号中动词的正确形式。 三、完成写作摘要。 四、完成作文。,【New words and expressions】 temporar
11、ily adv. 暂时地 inch n. 英寸（度量单位） space n. 空间 actually adv. 实际上,inch n. 英寸(度量单位) foot 英尺(pl. feet ); mile 英里 Space 空间 不可数 actually adv. 实际上 in fact,-Why are you so tired? I_(paint) my house,and it will be finished till next week I_(cough) for two days,and I will see the doctor this afternoon. He _ _(fin
12、ish) his work for two days 跟次数连用的, 一定只能用完成时, 不能用现在完成进行时 He has rung me up five times since 12 oclock.,have been paintng,have been coughing,has finished,【课文讲解】 1、We have just moved into a new house and I have been working hard all morning. 前者强调动作发生的事实或结果 后者强调动作一直持续发生的过程 It has rained for half day. It
13、 has been raining.,2、I have been trying to get my new room in order. get sth. in order 使有秩序，把整理好 (get 使役动词) in order 整齐，井然有序，有秩序, 有次序 在你离开房间时请把每样东西整理好 Get/Put everything in order before you leave the room.,3、This has not been easy because I own over a thousand books. own vt. 拥有 我有一千本书 I own over a t
14、housand books. vt. &vi. 承认 他承认他偷了钱包 He owned to stealing the wallet. 他承认他犯了错误 He owned (that) he had made a mistake. adj. 自己的 He has a car of his own. He lives in his own house. Over=more than,数字+thousand thousands of 数千,4、To make matters worse, the room is rather small, so I have temporarily put my
15、 books on the floor. to make matters worse 更糟糕的是，插入语 我在森林里迷路了，而且更糟糕的是，天要黑 了 I lost my way in the forest, and to make matters worse, it became dark. rather adj. 相当的,5、At the moment, they cover every inch of floor space and I actually have to walk on them to get in or out of the room. at the moment no
16、w 现在，此刻，目前 every inch 每一英寸(夸张) 在美国遍地是黄金 Gold covered every inch of the ground in America. 6、A short while ago, my sister helped me to carry one of my old bookcases up the stairs. help sb. (to) do sth. 帮某人做某事(to 可省略) help sb. with sth. 帮某人做某事 他帮我学英语 He help me to learn English. He help me with my English. with ones help 在某人的帮助下 在你的帮助下，我取得了很大的成功 With your help I made a g
