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1、现在完成时,现在完成时,主菜单,上一页,下一页,现在完成时的构成,现在完成时的主要用法,现在完成时的时间状语,短暂性动词与时间段的关系,have been 与have gone 比较,与一般过去时的用法比较,现在完成时的构成,主菜单,上一页,下一页,have (has）+ 过去分词,present(now),future,past,do my homework,现在完成时的主要用法,上一页,下一页,- Its so dark. -Someone has turned off the light. (有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑),- Are you free? -I have
2、finished my homework. I am free (我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空),主菜单,1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。,现在完成时的主要用法,2.表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，谓语动词多用延续性动词。（这一用法与现在完成进行时相同： have / has + been + v.ing。） They have lived here for 30 years. 他们已经在这儿住了30年。 (30年以前开始住在这儿，现在还住在这儿。) I have learned English since
3、I was five years old. 我从五岁时就学英语。 （五岁时开始学英语，到现在还在学。）,现在完成时的运用:,1）already 和yet already用于肯定句，放于句中或句末，在句中时，位于助动词或系动词后，实义动词前。 yet用于否定句和疑问句，一般在句末。 I have already finished my homework. I havent finished my homework yet.,2）ever和never ever用于肯定句和疑问句中，在句中位于助动词或系动词后，实义动词前。 never用于句中，助动词或系动词后，实义动词前，表示否定意义。 He ha
4、s ever been to Paris. He has never been to Paris.,3） just表示“刚刚”（用于完成时态时，与already，never 等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词have/has和动词过去分词之间）,He has just come back. 他刚刚回来。 They have just finished the work. 他们刚刚完成那项工作。,4）for 和 since for 后面跟一段时间，since后面跟的是时间点，这个时间点可能是单词、短语或一般过去时的句子。带有for或since短语的句子，谓语动词要用延续性动词。 He has bee
5、n here for three days. He has been here since yesterday. He has been here since two days ago / last Monday. He has been here since his wife died.,3.表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历.,上一页,下一页,I have ever been to the Summer Palace? (我曾去过颐和园),I have never had a car. (我从未有过汽车。),现在完成时的主要用法,主菜单,现在完成时的时间状语,常与already, ne
6、ver, ever, just, yet, before, up to now, so far, for the last few weeks these days, since for a long time 连用,上一页,下一页,主菜单,上一页,下一页,I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已经学了10多年的英语。 (从10年前开始,持续到现在还在学) She has swum since half an hour ago. 我已经游泳了半个小时 (半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游),现在完成时的主要用法,主菜单,2.表示过去已经
7、开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态.常与since + 过去的时间点，for + 一段时间，so far 等时间状语连用。,1.for +,Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. Hes studied English for 3 years.,一段时间,2. since +,从句(一般过去时),单词,词组,(表示过去某一时间的)时间点,Eg. I have been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 years ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000.,注2):
8、对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必须用how long, 决不能用when.,Eg. I have lived here for 10 years.,How long have you lived here?,She has stood here since 2 hour ago.,How long has she stood here?,4. 过去分词的构成： 规则动词过去分词的构成和过去式一样，不规则 动词的过去分词见课本（八下或九年级课本最后 一页）。 记忆不规则动词的过去式和过去分词，可以分为 以下几类来记：,A A A 型 原形、过去式和过去分词同形：,hit,hit hit
9、,cost,cost cost,let,let let,put,put put,read,read read,A B B 型 过去式和过去分词同形：,buy,bought bought,feel,felt felt,find,found found,have,had had,A B C 型 原形、过去式和过去分词各异,do,did done,fly,flew flown,write,wrote written,go,went gone,A B A 型 原形与过去分词同形,come,came come,become,became become,A A B 型 原形与过去式同形,beat,beat
10、 beaten,延续性动词和非延续性动词（终止性动词） 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作 如：learn, work, keep, have, wait, stay等。 延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。 非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词，表示 不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。 如:die, begin, finish, come, go, open, leave, join, marry / get married等。,leave- come/go (to) - arrive (at/in)- get (to)- reach- buy- borrow
11、- finish-,join- start/begin- die- close- open- return- marry- become-,be away (from),be (in/at),be (in/at),be (in/at),be (in/at),have,keep,be over,be in/be a/an,be on,be dead,be closed,be open,be back,be married,be,短暂性动词与时间段的关系,短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：become, begin, buy, borrow, come (go, arriv
12、e), die, finish, join, leave, 等。,上一页,下一页,为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的延续性动词 来代替短暂性动词。,主菜单,become be, begin have , borrow keep, buy have, come (go, arrive, get) be here/there/in， die be dead, finish be over, join be in （be a member of ） leave be away ( from),下一页,上一页,主菜单,但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。 如：I havent bought the
13、 bike for a year. 我买这辆自行车还不到一年。 She hasnt come here for an hour. 她来这儿还没有一个小时。,上一页,下一页,主菜单, 翻 译 练 习： 1.我买了这块手表五年了。 2.这位老人已经死了十年了。,I have bought this watch for five years. I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago.,The old man has died for ten years. The old man has been dead for ten year
14、s/since 10 years ago.,W,W,下一页,上一页,主菜单,3.他已经回来三天了。 4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。 5.我离开家乡已十年了。,He has come back for 3 days. He has been back for 3 days/since 3 days ago.,He has come here since 6 oclock. He has been here since 6 oclock.,I have left hometown for 10 years. I have been away from hometown for 10 years.,W
15、,W,W,下一页,上一页,主菜单,have been 与have gone 的用法比较,have been to 意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。 have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。 have been in 意思是“呆在某处一段时间了”,上一页,下一页,主菜单,用have been to, have gone to, have been in的适当形式填空 1. - Where is Tom? He has gone to the library. 2. How many times have you been to Paris? 3. I havent seen you for a long time. Where have you been? I have been to Guangzhou. 4. How long have you been in this school? I have been in this school for three years. 5. My brother has been in the army since he left high school.,与一般过去时的用法比较,一.现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，但现在完成时注意的不是事
