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1、句子分类,句子,简单句,复合句,四种,句子结构,形容词性从句,副词性从句,名词性从句,陈述句 疑问句 祈使句 感叹句,主谓 主谓宾 主谓宾宾补 主谓双宾 主系表,定语从句,状语从句,宾语从句 表语从句 主语从句 同位语从句,并列句,and/but/so,名词性从句,引导名词性从句的关联词,在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。推广所有定义。,连接代词 who, whom, whose, which, what, whatever等连接副词 how, why, when, where, however, wherever等 单纯性连接词 that, whether, if, becausea
2、s if /as though（不充当从句的任何成分）等,在名词性从句中一律用陈述句语序，即使从句表达的是疑问含义。其实所有的从句中都要用陈述句语序。,The problem is what he has done to the little boy.,1. 主语从句,在句中作主语的句子叫主语从句。,主语从句通常由单纯性连接词that，whether 和连接代词what, who, which, whatever, whoever等以及连接副词 how, when, where, why等引导。,that在从句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，
3、在从句中充当成分。,Who will win the match is still unknown.,Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.,That he stole a bike was true.,What he wants to tell us is not clear.,单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。,When he was born has not been found.,When the person was mu
4、rdered and why he was murdered are still unknown.,有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it 代替主语从句作形式主语放句首，而把主语从句置句末。,It is known to us how he became a writer.,用it 作形式主语的结构 It is 名词 从句It is a good thing thatIt is a pity thatIt is an honor that 非常荣幸It is common knowledge that是常识 (2) It is 形容词 从句 (多用 should)It is natural/urge
5、nt/necessary/surprising/strange that,(3) It 不及物动词 从句It seems that 似乎It happened that 碰巧It appears that 似乎 (4) It is 过去分词 从句It is reported that 据报道It has been proved that 已证实 It is said that 据说,主语从句(填入恰当的连接词） Discuss in pairs, and then fill in the blanks. 1._ he said is right. 2. _ he failed the exam
6、 made his father sad. 3._ he came or not is none of my business. 4._ we will go hasnt been decided.何时/地 5._has saved the drowning girl is worth praising.（无论谁） 6.It is impossible _ he can commit a crime. 7._this happened is not clear to anyone.怎么样 8._ he gave up racing is a puzzle.为什么,What,That,Wheth
7、er,When / Where,Whoever,that,How,Why,2. 宾语从句,用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。,宾语从句只出现在两个地方，要么是及物动词后面，要么是介词后面。,宾语从句通常由单纯性连接词that，whether，if 和连接代词what, who, which, whatever, whoever等以及连接副词 how, when, where, why等引导。,1.)由单纯性连接词that引导的宾语从句,由单纯性连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不充当任何成分，常可省去，但有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,从第二个宾语从句开始that不可省略。,He has tol
8、d me （that） he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. He said （that） he could go and that his parents wouldnt come.,2)用whether或if引导的宾语从句,whether和if均可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可互换。但从句中有or not时或介词后的宾语从句时只能用whether引导。其它名词性从句，如：主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句只用whether. 一句话，所有情况都可以用whether引导，只有vt后的宾语从句且没有or not时才可用if引导。,3)当主句是I/ We think (sup
9、pose, expect, believe, guess, imagine) 时，其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式，常把否定词not从从句中转移到主句中成为否定前移。,We dont believe that he will win the game.,I dont think he will do so.,3. 表语从句,在句中作表语的句子叫表语从句。,表语从句通常由单纯性连接词that，whether，as if ，as though，because 和连接代词what, who, which, whatever, whoever等以及连接副词 how, when, where, why等引导
10、，表语从句只出现在一个位置，连系动词后，其基本结构为： 主语 + 系动词 + 表语从句,The fact is that we have lost the game.,Thats just what I want.,This is where our problem lies.,That is why he didnt come to the meeting.,It looks as if it is going to rain.,This is because he missed the train by one minute.,注意：当主语是reason 时，表语从句要用that引导而不是
11、because。,The reason was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.,4. 同位语从句,同位语从句说明其前面名词的具体内容。,同位语从句通常跟在news, idea, fact, truth, thought, belief，problem，question 等名词后面，用来解释说明该名词所表示的具体内容。,同位语从句和定语从句的区别：,that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，不能省略。,The fa
12、ct that they will accept me is real.,The fact that can prove his innocence lies in your telling us the truth.,(that引导同位语从句,不能省略）,(that引导定语从句，作主语，不能省略）,I have no idea that you passed your driving test.,I dont know that you passed your driving test.,Who will win the match is still unknown. I want to know what he has told you. The fact is that we have lost the game. The news that we won the game is exciting.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,
