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1、语法专题十二 虚拟语气,虚拟语气主要考查虚拟语气的概念(表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实)及其用法。 1条件状语从句中的虚拟 (1)条件从句与现在事实不一致时的句型：If主语过去时，主语should(could, would，或might)动词原形。 (2)条件从句与过去事实不一致时的句型：If主语had过去分词，主语should(could, would，或might)have过去分词。,(3)条件从句与将来事实不一致时的句型：If主语过去时/should动词原形/were to动词原形，主语should(could, would，或might)动词原形。 (4)根
2、据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都要遵守上述句型。 (5)在条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if，将were, had, should用于句首，引起倒装。,2名词性从句中的虚拟语气 (1)主语从句中的虚拟语气。主要取决于某些形容词和过去分词，用来表示建议、命令、要求、惊异和失望等。其形式为：(should)动词原形。这样用的形容词有：appropriate适当的；advisable适当的，合理的；better较好的；desirable理想的；essential精华的；imperative迫切的；i
3、mportant重要的；insistent坚持的；natural自然的；necessary必要的；preferable优越的，较好的；strange奇怪的；urgent紧迫的；vital极其重要的，过去分词有：desired, demanded, ordered, requested, suggested, recommended, required等。,(2)表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气。在表示建议、命令、主张、目的和愿望等名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词要求使用虚拟语气。其形式为：(should)动词原形。常这样用的名词有：resolution决心，决议pray恳求decisi
4、on决议motion提议suggestion建议preference选择proposal提议advice劝告recommendation推荐desire愿望demand要求requirement要求order命令necessity必要性request要求idea主意、想法。,(3)某些动词后所接宾语从句中的谓语动词要求用虚拟语气，用来表示建议、命令和要求等。其形式为：(should)动词原形。常这样用的动词有：ask要求advise劝告determine决定decide决定command命令insist坚持intend打算move提议prefer宁愿propose提议order命令recomm
5、end推荐request要求require要求suggest建议urge主张demand要求desire渴望direct命令等。,3虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句 (1)Its time句型：当Its time后用that从句时应该用should动词原形，或用过去式。 (2)If only引起的感叹句相当于“How I wish宾语从句”。 (3)would rather, as if(though)引导的句子也需使用虚拟，表示过去的情况用过去完成时，表示现在与将来的情况用过去时。 (4)without, but, but for, but that, otherwise引起的短语或
6、句子常暗含着含蓄条件。,(5)If it were not for./If it hadnt been for.(要不是因为)，其后面的主句也需使用虚拟。 (6)wish后的宾语从句：表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish主语动词过去式或were 表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish主语had过去分词 表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish主语would动词原形。,注意：在解虚拟语气题时，应注意下列问题： 1弄清虚拟语气的概念； 2分清是虚拟语气还是陈述语气； 3虚拟语气在各种句式中的构成； 4看清混合条件句中表示时间的关键词； 5注意前后句的暗示，准确判断属哪种情形的虚拟语气。,1.(2009浙江)The doc
7、tor recommended that you _ swim after eating a large meal. A. wouldnt B. couldnt C. neednt D. shouldnt 2(2009天津)This printer is of good quality. If it _ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. A. would B. should C. could D. might,3(2009安徽)But for their help, we _ the pro
8、gram in time. A. can not finish B. will not finish C. had not finished D. could not have finished 4(2009福建)But for the help of my English teacher, I _ the first prize in the English Writing Competition. A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won,5(2009海淀区期中)We _ last night
9、, but we went to appreciate the flowerbeds and streetlights in Tians anmen Square instead. A. might study B. could study C. should have studied D. must have studied 6(2009泉州毕业班质检)Mike, its a pity you didnt come to last nights concert. It was really great! Really? If I _ so busy, I would have gone wi
10、th you. A. hadnt been B. werent C. shouldnt be D. wouldnt be,7(2009潍坊教学检测)How I wish I _ my mouth before I shouted at my mum! A. shut B. have shut C. had shut D. would shut 8(2009东北三校联合模拟)Why are you so late? I got stuck in the traffic jam, or I _ earlier. A. arrived B. have arrived C. would arrive
11、D. would have arrived,9(2009南昌调研)If you _ that film late last night, you wouldnt be so sleepy. A. didnt see B. havent seen C. wouldnt have seen D. hadnt seen 10(2009南京调研)Dad, can I surf the Internet? Again? I wish that you _ going online _ your health. A. know; will do harm to B. knew; is doing harm
12、 to C. know; have done harm to D. knew; were doing harm to,11(2009南昌调研)If he _ his legs in the last training, he _ the coming World Cup, which he has been longing to compete in. A. didnt hurt; would go in for B. hadnt hurt; would have taken part in C. hadnt hurt; would join in D. didnt hurt; would h
13、ave taken part in 12(2009西安八校联考)_ in my present work, I would be quite willing to do what you ask me to. A. If I am not engaged B. Were I not engaged C. If I dont engage D. Didnt I engage,13(2009东北三校联合模拟)Where are you going to find a job after graduation? I dont know. But its about time _ for myself
14、. A. Id provide B. I provided C. I provide D. Im providing,14(2009潍坊教学检测)“It is strongly recommended，” added the firefighter during an interview on a fire accident in a threestar hotel, “that nobody _ back to your room to collect your belongings during a fire.” A. goes B. went C. go D. will go,15(20
15、09保定模拟)If only he _ himself and explained who he was, then, of course I should have given him proper service. A. had introduced B. introduced C. has introduced D. have introduced 16(2009西城抽样)Time flies. Seven days have passed. I want to go back to my hometown. Yeah! How fast time runs! But take your
16、 time; Id rather you _ here a little longer. A. had stayed B. are staying C. should stay D. stayed,17(2009东城模拟)I would have come earlier, but I _ that you were waiting for me. A. hadnt known B. didnt know C. would have known D. havent known 18(2009安徽联考)Yao Ming and Yi Jianlian have finished their season in NBA this year. Yes. They _ better but for the injuries. A. could have done B. can do C. couldnt have done D. cant do,
