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1、 被动语态1 被动语态的构成现在时态一般现在时现在进行时一 般 将 来 时现在完成时情态动词谓语动词构 成am is +p.p. aream is +being+p.p. arewill + be+p.p. am is +going to+ be + p.p. arehave(has) +been+p.p.情态动词 +be+p.p过去时态 一般过去时过 去 进 行 时过 去 将 来 时过去完成时谓语动词构 成was +p.p. werewas+being+p.p. werewould +be+p.p. was +going to+be+p.p. werehad +been+p.p.(1) 被动
2、语态的用法： 不知道谁是动作的执行者(即不知道谁做)时用被动语态,省略 by 短语。如： A man was killed in the accident. / This window was broken yesterday. 不说或者众所周知是谁做时,用被动语态,省略 by 短语。如： Rice is also grown in this place. A railroad will be built here in three years. 强调动作的承受者,句尾加 by 短语。如： It was written by Lu Xun. A pet dog is never killed
3、by its owner 注意点： “动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”改为被动时,可以用间接宾语做被动句的主语。也可以用直接宾语做被动句的主语,但 是需用 to 或者 for 引出原句的间接宾语：His teacher gave him a dictionary. He was given a dictionary by his teacherA dictionary was given to him by his teacher. His father made him a kite. A kite was made for him by his father. “动词+宾语+动词原形”改为被动时
4、,动词原形前要加 to. The boss made the poor man work 12 hours a day. The poor man was made to work 12 hours a day “动词+介词”改为被动时,介词一般在原位不动。 The girl takes good care of her little brother.The girls little brother is taken good care of by her. “be+过去分词”未必表示被动语态,而可能是系表结构。 He is pleased / worried / tired /.(系表)(他
5、高兴/焦虑/疲劳) He was hit / knocked down / told / shot / .(被动)(他被击中/撞倒/关照/射中)注意：1）感官动词主动语态的宾语补足语是不带 to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加“to“。一感（feel） 二听（hear, listen to） 、三让（let, make, have） 、四看（look at, see, watch, notice）例如： The teacher made me go out of the classroom. I was made to go out of the classroom （by the
6、teacher）. We saw him play football on the playground. He was seen to play football on the playground. 2). 短语动词的被动语态 短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。：My sister will be taken care of by Grandma. Such a thing has never been heard of before. 3). 表示“据说“或“相信“ 的词组，基本上由 believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , rep
7、ort, say, see, suppose, think, understand 等组成。 It is said that 据说 It is reported that 据报道 It is believed that 大家相信 It is hoped that 大家希望 It is well known that 众所周知 It is thought that 大家认为 It is suggested that 据建议 It is taken granted that 被视为当然 It has been decided that 大家决定 It must be remember that 务
8、必记住的是 4). 不用被动语态的情况 1） 不及物动词或不及物动词短语，如 appear, die disappear, end（vi. 结束）, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place 等没有无被动语态（错） The price has been risen. （对） The price has risen.（错） The accident was happened last wee
9、k. 对） The accident happened last week.（错） The price has raised.（对） The price has been raised. （错） Please seat. （对） Please be seated. （错） Watching TV is enjoyed by my mother. （对） My mother enjoys watching TV. （错）A meeting will be had by us. （对）We will have a meeting. 易错点 一 主动结构表示被动意义 1 open, lock, wr
10、ite, read, sell, clean, wash, cut, burn, drive 等词作不及物动词且它们的主语为物时，可用主动语态表示 被动意义。This kind of pen writes very smoothly. This kind of shirts sell well here. 2 look, sound, taste, smell 等系动词用主动形式表示被动意义。School uniforms look good on us. The cake smells delicious. 3 want/ need/require + doing = want/ need/
11、repair+ to be done to be done 表示不定式的被动形式。 My bike needs repairing.= My bike needs to be repaired. 每五天浇花 二被动语态与系表结构的区别 This shop is closed at nine oclock. (表示动作) This shop is closed today. (表示状态) This shop is _(open) at 8 in the morning. 小练习 一、选择题( )1._ a new library _ in our school last year? A. Is;
12、 built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build ( )2. An accident _ on this road last week. A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened ( )3.Cotton（棉花） _ in the southeast of China. A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow ( )4.So far, the moon _ by man already. A. is visited
13、B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited ( )5.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives ( )6.How many trees _ this year? A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted ( )7.A lot of things _ by people
14、to save the little girl now. A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done ( )8.-When _ this kind of computers_? -Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used ( )9.The Great Wall _ all over the world. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known ( )10.Who _ this book _
15、? A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written ( )11.A story _ by Granny yesterday. A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us ( )12.The monkey was seen _ off the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump ( )13.The school bag _ behind the chair. A. puts B. can be put C. can be putted D. can put ( )14.Older people _ well. A. looks after B. must be looked after C.
