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1、The Present Perfect Tense,现在完成时表示过去的动作，并与现在有关。,一. Form:,1. 肯定句：S (主语) + have/has + PP(过去分词),2. 否定句:S (主语)+have/has + not + PP(过去分词),3. 一般疑问句Have/has+ S (主语) + PP(过去分词)? Yes, S（主语） + have/has.No, S（主语） + havent/hasnt.,助动词have和has跟前面的主语缩略为ve, s.如 theyve, weve, Ivhes, shes, its; has not = hasnthave not
2、 = havent,二. 过去分词的构成,一般+ed work, plant,call 2. 以e结尾+d live, change, like, love, save, hate, move, arrive, skate, hope, use,3. 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母 的 , 双写辅音字母ed. 如：plan, stop, drop, fit(适合), travel,. 以辅音字母y结尾的，变y为iedtry, study, carry, hurry, cry,三用法: 1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与一些时间状语,如:already, yet, e
3、ver, never, just, before, once, twice，times等连用，也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语，如 today, this week, so far, in the last/past _ years等连用。 I have already seen the film. Jim has just lost his book.I have already posted the letter. (信已经不在我这儿了),2.表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，一直持续到现在，也许还将继续下去，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时 间的状语连用，即for +时间段，sin
4、ce+时间点/从句（一般过去时态），谓语只可用延续性动词。,Ive known Li Lei for three days . They have lived here since 1996. She has taught us since I came to this school I havent seen her these days.,四. 特征词 （）already (肯定句，句中)yet (否定句和疑问句，句末)ever (疑问句) Have you ever ?just (肯定句，句中) before (句末）once, twice, times (句末)in the past/
5、last _ yearsso far （到目前为止）these days（这几天）（）since+时间点或从句for+ 时间段,how long,注 意： (1) since一段时间agofor时间段; I have kept the library book for a week.=I have kept the library book since a week ago. (2) since + 时间点for时间段I have been a teacher since two years ago.= I have been a teacher for two years. (3) sinc
6、e+从句(常用一般过去时)The Greens have lived in Beijing since they moved to Beijing from Paris,(4) It is (has been) +一段时间 + since 从句.自从某事发生已有一段时间了. It is (has been) two years since my brother joined the army. (5) have got,has got 虽然是现在完成时,但 have got=have has got=has I have a new bike=I have got a new bike,终止性
7、动词(也可称为非延续性动词、瞬间动词)，如begin, start, die, buy, leave, borrow, join, come等，表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成，不能再延续，所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用，即不能与表示一段时间的状语，for+时间段, since+时间点/从句连用，也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句中。 eg. Ive left Shanghai for three days.()Ive been away from Shanghai for three days.().I left Shanghai three days ago. ()
8、It is /has been three days since I left Shanghai.(),五.,终止性动词要表示持续时，可用以下方法： 将时间状语改为时间段 + ago，句中谓语动词用一般过去时。 eg. My brother joined the army two years ago. 我弟弟参军两年了。 若保留for+时间段，since+时间点/从句，或用在 how long句型中，则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词。My brother has been in the army for two years.(3) 变为It is + 时间段 + since从句（
9、过去时）It is two years since my brother joined the army.,open-be open die-be dead close-be closed become-be borrow-keep begin/start-be on leave-be away (from) buy-have join the army-be in the army/ be a soldier join the Party-be in the Party /be a Party memberfall asleep-be asleep end/finish-be over ca
10、tch a cold-have a cold come backbe back get up-be upcome/go/arrive/get/reach-be in/atget married-be married,常见终止性动词与延续性动词（或状态动词）的对应 关系如下：,巧记10个瞬间性动词的转换“开始离去借来还，出生入死买到家”,类似的转换还有：fall asleepbe asleep move therebe thereopen be open 等,练一练：,1. 这辆自行车我买了两年了。Ive _ the bike _ two years.,2. He left Nanjing tw
11、o years ago.He _ _ _ _ Nanjing for two years.,3. The monkey died last month.The monkey _ _ _ for a month.,4. A: Hong long _ you _ ( )B: Two weeks.A. did, get ill B. have,fallen ill C. were,ill D. have,been ill,had for,has been away from,has been dead,D,六现在完成时中been to, gone to和been in/at 的区别 have/has
12、 been to 去过某地，表示某人的一种经历， 可以和once, twice, already, ever, never等连用。 eg. She has been to Shanghai twice. (表示目前人在这里) have/has gone to 去某地了，说话时某人已离开此地，在去某地的途中或已在某地。eg. She has gone to Shanghai. (表示现在她人不在里） have/has been in/at 逗留在某地(已经一段时间).常和for ten days, since I came here等连用。eg. She has been in Shanghai
13、 since she moved there.,1.Have you ever _ _ Shanghai? 2.Where is Lucy? She has _ _ the lab. 3.Lucy has been _ China since 5 years ago. 4.I have gone to Japan. ( )判断 5.The scenery of Lijiang is very beautiful, I have been there twice. ( ),been to,练一练：,6. Where is your father ? He _ _ _ London.,7. How
14、 many times _ you _ _ Beijing?,8. I _ never _ _ France.,gone to,in,has gone to,have been to,have been to,七现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 现在完成时所表明的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响，强调的是现在的情况，不可以和表示过去的时间状语yesterday, in 1991, three days ago， last time, last night等连用。 一般过去时表明的是过去发生的事实，和现在不发生关系。常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday, in 1991, three days ag
15、o， last time, last night等连用。,Exercise,I. 时态填空： 1. -Are you sure you _(lose) the book?-Yes, I _(look) for it everywhere, but I cant find it. 2. We _ already _(copy) these words. 3. Jim _(just, watch) a football match. 4. _ you ever _(travel) on a train ? 5. -_ they _(see) the film yet?- Yes. They _ (
16、see) it already.- When _they _ (see) it? -They _(see) it just now. 6. -_ her sister _ (be) to Nanning?-No, she_( never, be) there before. 7. -I have _ the film “Titanic”.-When _ you _ it? (see) 8. Look! The train _ just _. ( come) 9. -_ you _ the book before?-Yes ,I _ it two weeks ago. (read) 10.Its a long time since we _ (meet) last year.,
