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1、Noun Clause 名词性从句,Summary,思考,名词可以在句中主要充当哪些成分？ 主语 表语 宾语 补语 同位语, 出品,什么叫名词性从句？,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses）名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句,名词性从句,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,主语,His job is important.,What he does is important.,表语,This is his job.,This is what
2、he does every day.,宾语,I dont like his job.,I dont like what he does every day.,同位语,I dont know about the man, Mr. White.,I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.,Practice time：指出下列各名词性从句的种类,1. At lunchtime, the radio weatherman reported that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon
3、. 2. She wondered if the buses would still be running. 3. The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far. 4. She sensed that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark coat. 5. When we will start is not clear. 6. I had no idea that you were her friend.,宾语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,主语从句
4、,同位语从句,1、主语从句 (1) That he will come is certain. (2) Whether she is coming or not doesnt matter too much. (3) What surprised me most was to see some of the village people seated on the benches at the end of the room.,(4) Which team will win the match is a matter of public concern. (5) Where she has g
5、one is not known yet.,当主语从句较长时，多放在句子后部，用 it 作形式主语。,以it作形式主语，把主语从句后置的常用句型有：,1. It+be+形容词+that从句,It is/was certain that clauseclearimportantnecessaryprobablepossible,（1）It is certain that she will do well in her exam. （2） It is probable that he told her everything.,2、It + be + 名词词组 + that从句,It is / wa
6、s a pity that clauseshameduty,(1) It is a pity that we cant go. (2) It is no surprise that our team should have won the game.,3、It + be + 过去分词 + that从句,It is said that clausereportedthoughthopedbelievedknown,(1) It is said that he is the best student in the class. (2) It is thought that Joe drives b
7、adly.,4、It + seem, happen, appear等不及物动词 + that从句。 (1) It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. (2) It happened that I was out that day.,(1) This was what Tom was reading. (2) The truth is that I have never been there. (3) It looks as if it is going to rain. (4) The reason why he was la
8、te was that he got up late. (5) This is how we overcame the difficulties. (6) That is why she was absent yesterday. (7) The house is where Lu Xun once lived.,2、表语从句：,3、宾语从句,1、及物动词+宾语 (1) They pretended that they were reading in the room. (2) I didnt know what they were talking about. (3) Do you know
9、 why winter is colder than summer? (4) He couldnt tell where his home was. (5) John made the boy sit still, promising that nothing would hurt him.,2、介词+宾语从句：I was pleased by what he told me.He always pays attention to whatever the teacher says.He told of how he helped the old woman to find her missi
10、ng son.,注意：介词的宾语从句一般不用which和if来引导，而要分别用what和whether来引导。如：,Are you sorry for what youve done?Everything depends on whether we have enough experience. 不可用if,which不可以,这类形容词常见的有sure, certain, glad, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等。(1) I am sure you looked beautiful that evening.(2) We were
11、not surprised that he returned three days later than expected.,3、形容词+宾语从句：,(3) Everyone was afraid that someone might find out that he could see nothing.(4) Mother was very pleased (that) her daughter had passed the entrance exams.,注意：如果宾语从句后边还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。如：,(1) We thought it strange th
12、at Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.(2) He has made it clear that anyone who breaks the law is to be punished.,这种句型的谓语动词有think, make, feel, find, consider.,注意： 引导宾语从句的连词that常可省去，但下列情况不能省略。 Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others
13、do. I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.,2.宾语从句中的连接词that在以下几种情况下不能省略： He said, to my surprise, that he would leave soon. They said that if he succeeded this time, they would give him a gift.,当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省； 当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉； 用it做形式宾语的宾语从句； that引导的宾语从句跟主句间有插
14、入语时； 宾语从句为主从复合句，从句位于主句前时；,注意：whether 和 if 引导的宾语从句：whether 和 if 引导宾语从句时可以互换使用，但下列情况用whether不用if。,I dont know whether or not hell come. I wonder whether it is true or not.（1） 在whether or not结构中不可用if代替whether,Everything depends on whether the situation will improve.（2）介词后面的宾语从句用whether，不用if,Whether wel
15、l go depends on the weather. The question is whether it is worth doing. （3）引导主语从句和表语从句用whether不用if,Please tell me whether to go or not.(4) whether 可用在不定式前，if 则不能.,Please tell me if you know the answer.(5) if会引起歧义时，只能用whether, 出品,Whether it is true, I cant tell.(6) 宾语从句放在句首时。, 出品,4、同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某些名词
16、的同位语，这些名词常见的有，fact, news, hope, truth, idea, suggestion, thought, question, order, problem, belief, doubt, fear等。引导同位语从句的连词通常有that和whether, what, why, how等。,(1) They expressed the hope that they would come over to visit China again.(2) We all know the truth that the earth goes round the sun.(3) The fact that she had not said anything surprised all of us.(4) They asked me the question whether the work was worth doing.(5) The problem whether it is right or wrong has not yet been decided.,
