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1、Chapter Eleven,Translation of passive voice sentences,I. Review and Comments on the assignment. (Omitted.)II. Translation of passive voice sentencesIII. PracticeIV. summaryV. AssignmentsVI. References for further reading,Teaching Procedures,I. Review and comments on the assignments.,The car and the
2、television set and the growing volume of office work may well have produced the most literally sedentary population human society has ever known. But at the same time, diets stuffed with the proteins and calories needed for a lumber man or a professional boxer have become prevalent. Everywhere high
3、meat consumption demands grain-fed animals. Meanwhile, what little grain we do eat through bread usually has little nutritional value and roughage, since these are removed when the flour is refined.,小汽车的使用，电视机的普及以及不断扩充的写字楼文案工作， 可能已经造就了人类社会有史以来最名副其实的“久坐之族”。,而另一方面， 这样一种现象也变得司空见惯， 即常人一日三餐所摄入的蛋白质和卡路里都要相
4、当于一个伐木工人或一位职业拳击手每天的需要量。,到处的肉类巨量消费均对食粮牲畜增大了需求。,与此同时， 我们自己的粮食消费量却极小。面包作为我们的主食， 营养价值微乎其微， 而且几乎不含什么粗糙物， 因为这些都在面粉精制过程中被去掉了。,Thus, the human bowel is deprived of the fiber it requires to function easily. The eating of fresh vegetables-which also give necessary fiber-has fallen off by a third in the last h
5、alf century. Processed, defibered products have taken their place. The results are literally apparent. In all developed nations, obesity and diet-related illnesses are now a major medical problem. Many medical experts are now agreed that, with fat, sugar, cholesterol, refined grains, food additives,
6、 and the general absence of roughage, modern citizens are literally-via heart attacks and cancer-eating and drinking themselves into the grave.,I. Review and comments on the assignments.,这样一来， 人的肠子的正常功能就因缺少其所需的纤维物质而受影响。,新鲜蔬菜也含纤维， 但在过去的50年间， 新鲜蔬菜的食用量减少了三分之一，,其结果也是有目共睹的：,在所有发达国家中，肥胖症及与饮食有关的疾病现已成为医学的一大
7、难题。,取而代之的是经过加工去掉纤维的食品。,许多医学专家现在都一致认为， 由于脂肪、糖、胆固醇、细粮、食物添加剂的大量食用， 而总体上食物中又缺乏粗糙物， 现代公民们就是这样一日三餐， 不知不觉地患上心脏病和癌症， 最终明赴黄泉。 这样说并非言过其实。,1. Though Hamlet has been disappointed of the throne, every one respects him.虽然哈姆雷特被剥夺了王位，大家照样尊敬他。 2. They were caught in the rain yesterday.他们昨天叫雨淋了。 3. Our foreign policy
8、 is supported by the people all over the world.我们的对外政策受到全世界人民的支持。 4. They were given a hearty welcome. 他们受到热烈欢迎。 5. He was policed by the bosses cops.他受到老板雇佣的警察的监督 。,A.译成汉语的 “被”字结构或相似结构, 如 “叫, 让, 给, 受到, 遭到, 为所, 是的,加以等。,II. Translation of passive voice sentences,6. I was so impressed by these words t
9、hat I used them later for a Christmas card.我为这些话所深深感动， 后来我就把它们写在圣诞贺片上。 7. By evening the occupation was complete, and the people were chased off the streets by an eight oclock curfew. 至傍晚，占领已告完成。八点钟开始的宵禁把人们从街道赶走。 8. The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire.大火使这著名的旅馆几乎全部毁灭。 9.
10、Most letters from his wife are read to him by the nurse in the hospital.他的妻子给他的信件， 大多数是由医院里的护士念给他听的。,II. Translation of passive voice sentences,B.译成汉语主动句,1. The sense of inferiority that he acquired in his youth has never been totally eradicated.他在青少年时期留下的自卑感， 还没有完全消 除。2. On their domestic stations
11、events in the Middle east were dismissed briefly.在他们国内的电台的广播中， 中东事件只轻描 淡写地报道了一下。,II. Translation of passive voice sentences,C、保留原主语, 被动改主动,1. Mr. Black was given a prize. 布拉克先生得了奖。 2. His life was cut short by cholera. 他因患霍乱而早亡。 3. He was thrown into confusion by the return of his wife.他由于妻子归来而陷入惶惑不
12、安之中。,II. Translation of passive voice sentences,D. 把原文中的主语译为宾语,1. By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organization, but at a cost of over 200 Belgian and French lives.大战终了时， 这个组织拯救了八百人，但那是以二百多比利时人和法国人的生命为代价。 2. It would be astonishing if that loss were not keenly felt.如果（人们）不强烈地感到
13、损失， 那倒是奇怪了。,II. Translation of passive voice sentences,E . 译成无主句,1. Whenever work is being done, energy is being converted from one form into another. 做功时，能从一种形式转变为另一种形式。2Cutting tools should be inspected carefully before they are used.切割工具使用前要认真检查。3Some pictures were hung on the wall. 墙上挂着照片。4. Chi
14、ldren should be taught to speak the truth. 要教孩子们讲真话。,II. Translation of passive voice sentences,Exercises in class,A.Put the following sentence patterns into English:Fixed phrases or sentence patterns: 1. 已经证明 2. 可以有把握地说 3. 无可否认 4. 人们希望 5. 人们(有人、大家)认为 6. 不用说(谁都知道) 7. 大家知道(众所周知) 8. 据报道 9. 据说 10. 据估计(
15、预计),It has been proved ,It may be safely said that,It cannot be denied that,It is expected(hoped) that,It is considered (thought) that,It is understood that,It is well known that ,It is reported that,It is said that.,It is estimated (predicted, calculated ) that,III. Practice,11. 据推测 12. 据闻(悉) 13. 可
16、以肯定 14. 普遍(一般、 通常)认为 15. 必须指出 16. 有人(人们、大家)相信 17. 由此可见 18. 必须(应该)承认 19. 据谣传 20. 可以毫不夸张地说,It is supposed that,It is learned that,It may be confirmed that,It is generally(usually) accepted (agreed) that,It must be pointed out that,It is believed that ,It will be seen from this that ,It must (should) be admitted that,It is rumored that,It may be said without fear ofexaggeration that,III. Practice,
