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1、代谢组学在肿瘤研究中的应用,2012-3-13,代谢组学概况 代谢与肿瘤的关系 代谢组学在肿瘤研究中的应用,1. 代谢组学,1-1 代谢组学的定义,代谢组学 (metabonomics): 某一生物或细胞所有低分子质量代谢产物进行定性和定量检测, 分析活细胞中代谢物谱变化的研究领域,生物标本: 血液、尿液等体液, 组织、细胞提取物、细胞培养液,1-2 代谢组学分析技术-NMR,NMR光谱: NMR技术是最早被用于代谢组学研究的技术之一其利用原子核在磁场中的能量变化来获得相关信息。目前常用的有 1H-NMR、 13C-NMR和31P-NMR,1-2 代谢组学分析技术-NMR,1-2 代谢组学分析
2、技术-NMR,1-2 代谢组学分析技术-NMR,Warburg, O. On the origin of cancer cells. Science 123, 309314 (1956),The Warburg Effect,1-2 代谢组学分析技术-MS,MS: Mass Spectrometry, 质谱 基本原理是: 将样品中各组分电离成离子束, 进入质量分析器聚集而得到MS图谱，以确定其质量。,1-2 代谢组学分析技术-MS,1-2 代谢组学分析技术-MS,MS: Mass Spectrometry, 质谱需联合色谱技术对样品进行前期分离( 1 ) GC MS联用 ： GC技术是以气体作
3、为流动相的色 谱法常用于分离挥发性化合物。( 2 ) LC MS联用 ： LC技 术是 以液 体作 为流 动相 的色 谱 法适用于分离低 挥发性或非挥发性、热稳定性 差的物质。,2. 代谢与肿瘤的关系,2-1 Tumor glucose metabolic phenotypes:Glucose glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation,Warburg, O. On the origin of cancer cells. Science 123, 309314 (1956),The Warburg Effect,2-2 Tumor glucose meta
4、bolic phenotypes:,The pentose phosphate pathway,2-3 Tumor lipid metabolic phenotypes:,Simplified overview of tumor lipid metabolism,Journal of Nuclear Medicine 2008, Vol. 49 No. Suppl_2 43S-63S,2-4 Tumor amino acid metabolic phenotypes:,Regulation of glycolysis, glutaminolysis and de novo nucleotide
5、 biosynthesis in tumor cells.,Current Opinion in Genetics & Development Volume 19, Issue 1, February 2009,Cell September 5, 2008, 134,703-707,Cancer Cell June 2008,13,472-482,2. 1 P53 与肿瘤代谢,2-1. p53 in tumor cell metabolism: glycolysis,Figure 1 The three metabolic fates of glucose in cells and the r
6、ole for p53 in glucose metabolism,nature cell biology VOLUME 13 | NUMBER 3 | MARCH 2011,Bensaad, K. et al. Cell 126, 107120 (2006).,2-1 p53 in tumor cell metabolism: glycolysis,One target of p53 known to affect glucose glycolysis is TIGAR,2-1 p53 in tumor cell metabolism: glycolysis,One target of p5
7、3 known to affect glucose glycolysis is TIGAR,2-1 p53 in tumor cell metabolism: glycolysis,One target of p53 known to affect glucose glycolysis is TIGAR,Bensaad, K. et al. Cell 126, 107120 (2006),the four genes (pfkfb14) encoding the enzyme 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (PFK-2
8、/FBPase-2),2-1 p53 in tumor cell metabolism: oxidative phosphorylation,p53,Cell 126, July 14, 2006,One target of p53 known to affect glucose oxidative phosphorylation is SCO2,2-1 p53 in tumor cell metabolism: oxidative phosphorylation,One target of p53 known to affect glucose oxidative phosphorylati
9、on is SCO2,2-1 p53 in tumor cell metabolism: pentose phosphate pathway,Figure 1 The three metabolic fates of glucose in cells and the role for p53 in glucose metabolism,nature cell biology VOLUME 13 | NUMBER 3 | MARCH 2011,2-1 p53 in tumor cell metabolism: pentose phosphate pathway,2-1 p53 in tumor
10、cell metabolism: pentose phosphate pathway,Figure 1 . p53 deciency correlates with increases in PPP flux, glucose consumption and lactate production,2-1 p53 in tumor cell metabolism: pentose phosphate pathway,Figure 2. p53 regulates NADPH levels, lipid accumulation and G6PD activity,2-1 p53 in tumor
11、 cell metabolism: pentose phosphate pathway,Figure 3 p53 interacts with G6PD and inhibits its activity independently of transcription.,2-1 p53 in tumor cell metabolism: pentose phosphate pathway,Figure 4 p53 inhibits the formation of dimeric G6PD holoenzyme.,p53 regulation of energy metabolism,2-1 p
12、53 in tumor cell metabolism,2-1 p53 in tumor cell metabolism: glutamine metabolism,Biochemistry of glutamine metabolism (main pathways):,glutaminase,2-1 p53 in tumor cell metabolism: glutamine metabolism,2-1 p53 in tumor cell metabolism: glutamine metabolism,Model for regulation of intracellular ROS
13、 levels by GLS2.,2. 2 HIF-1 与肿瘤代谢,2-2 HIF-1 in tumor cell metabolism,HIF-1: upstream and downstream of cancer metabolism.,Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2010 Feb;20(1):51-6.,2-2 HIF-1 in tumor cell metabolism,HIF-1: activating transcription of genes encoding glucose transporters and glycolytic enzyme,Expressi
14、on of genes encoding glucose transporters and glycolytic enzymes. The glycolytic pathway is shown at left. Symbols for genes encoding the respective enzymes are coded by font according to the mRNA expression pattern (normalized to 18S rRNA) in ES cells cultured under nonhypoxic (N) or hypoxic (H) co
15、nditions for 16 hr (lanes 16 at right) as follows: (1) (bold) increased expression in hypoxic Hif1a+/+ cells, loss of induction in Hif1a+/ cells, and loss of basal and induced expression in Hif1a/ cells; (2) (bold and italicized) no effect of hypoxia on expression in Hif1a+/+ cells but decreased exp
16、ression in hypoxic Hif1a+/ and Hif1a/ cells; (3) (italicized) no effect of hypoxia on expression in Hif1a+/+ cells but decreased expression in hypoxic and nonhypoxic Hif1a/ cells; (4) (plain) no effect of hypoxia or HIF-1 deficiency on expression. mRNA expression in Hep3B cells was also assayed (lan
17、es 7,8). The indicated genes encode the following proteins: (GLUT1 and GLUT3) glucose transporter 1 and 3; (HK1 and HK2) hexokinase 1 and 2; (GPI) glucosephosphate isomerase; (PFKL) phosphofructokinase L; (ALDA and ALDC) aldolase A and C; (TPI) triosephosphate isomerase; (GAPDH) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; (PGK1) phosphoglycerate kinase 1; (PGM) phosphoglucomutase; (ENO1) enolase 1; (PKM) pyruvate kinase M; (LDHA) lactate dehydrogenase A. GLUCOSE (EXT) and GLUCOSE (INT) refer to extracellular and intracellular glucose, respectively,
