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1、专题三,特殊句式,一、特殊句式的分类,英语中常见的特殊句式有：there be 句式、with 的复合结构、,强调句，倒装句及独立主格成分等。,二、特殊句式的用法(一)there be 句式,1此句型是由“there be主语状语”构成，用以表达“存在有”。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际意义。be 与其后的主语在人称和数上一致，有时态和数的变化。其基本结构有：,一般现在时,there is/are.,过去时将来时,there was/were.there will be./there is/are going to be.,2可用 live
2、, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive, used tobe, happen 等词代替 be 动词。此时还表示“存在有”，但表意要更具体一些。如：There lived an old man at the foot of the mountain. 山脚下曾住着一位老人。,3there be 句式的常见结构：,(1)There is no need to do sth.“没必要做某事”,Many students think that they can just use a computer, so there,is no need to w
3、aste time improving handwriting. 许多学生认为他们可以只使用电脑，因此没有必要浪费时间提高书法。,(2)There is no denying that.“不可否认”,There is no denying that it was my teachers encouragement,and help that resulted in my steady progress.不可否认，是老师的鼓励和帮助让我稳步前进。,(3)There is a famous saying that“有句名言说”,There is a famous saying that “Good
4、 habits lead to good,endings”，which shows the importance of habits.有句名言说：“好习惯带来好结果”，这表明了习惯的重要性。(4)There is no doubt that“毫无疑问”,There is no doubt that making a suitable timetable is the firstnecessary pace in order to allocate the time well, so I always make,a schedule for study.毫无疑问，为合理分配时间制定一个适当的时刻
5、表是必要的第一步，因此我总是为学习制定一个时刻表。,(5)There is no use/good doing sth.“做某事是没有用的/没有,必要的”,There is no use trying to explain it.解释是没有必要的。(6)There is no difficulty in doing sth.“做某事是没有困难,的”,There is no difficulty in finding his office.找到他的办公室没,费一点劲。,(二)with 复合结构,它是由“介词 with/without复合结构”构成，复合结构做介词 with 或 without 的
6、复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当；第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当；分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。with 结构构成方式如下：,1with/without名词/代词形容词；2with/without名词/代词副词；,3with/without名词/代词介词短语；4with/without名词/代词动词不定式；,5with/without名词/代词分词。,在句子中 with 结构多数充当状语，表示行为方式、伴随情,况、时间、原因或条件。如：,She came into the room, with her nose red because of
7、,cold.(with名词形容词，做伴随状语)她进了房间，鼻子被冻得通红。,With the meal over, we all went home.(with名词副词，做,时间状语)吃完饭，我们都回家了。with 结构在句中也可以做定语。如：,I like eating the mooncakes with eggs.我喜欢吃蛋黄月饼。,(三)强调句,强调句结构：It is/was被强调部分that/who句子的其,他成分。,被强调的部分放在 It is/was 之后，其他部分置于 that/who之后。被强调部分可以是主语、宾语、表语或状语等。强调的主语如果是人，可以由 who 代替 th
8、at。,1被强调的成分举例：,原句：Tom found my pen in the classroom yesterday.,强调主语 ： It was Tom that/who found my pen in the,classroom yesterday.,强调宾语： It was my pen that Tom found in the classroom,yesterday.,强调地点状语：It was in the classroom that Tom found my,pen yesterday.,强调时间状语：It was yesterday that Tom found my
9、pen in the,classroom.,2强调句型的一般疑问式：直接把 is 或 was 提到 it 之前,即可。如：,Was it Tom that/who found your pen in the classroom,yesterday？是汤姆昨天在教室里找到了你的钢笔吗？,3强调句型的特殊疑问式：“特殊疑问词is/wasitthat句子的其他成分”。特殊疑问词即是被强调的成分。如：Who was it that found your pen in the classroom yesterday ？,是谁昨天在教室里找到了你的钢笔？,4强调原因状语从句要注意：若从句由 as 或 si
10、nce 引导，强调时则改为 because，因为 because 引导的原因状语从句表示的意义非常强烈，符合强调句的目的。如：,As she got up late, she missed the first bus.It was becauseshe got up late that she missed the bus.就是因为她起床晚了，她才错过了公交车。,5强调句的否定转移：有些否定句在变成强调句时，要把否定转移到被强调的词语之前，尤其是“not.until.”，句式的强调要特别注意。如：,He didnt realize his mistake until the teacher h
11、ad told,him.It wasnt until the teacher had told him that he realized hismistake.直到老师告诉他，他才意识到错误。,注意：在强调句式中，虽然 not 被提前，但“not.until.”,句型不要倒装。,高考中强调句型考查热点,考点一：强调句型的基本结构,强调句型“It is/was 被强调的成分that/who 其他成分”，用来强调主语、宾语和状语等成分。that/who 只起连接作用，不做成分，但不能省略。有时强调的部分比较特殊，如,主语从句、状语从句、名词、不定式短语、v.-ing 的复合结构等。,如：,It w
12、as what he said that made her angry yesterday.昨天他所说,的使她生气了。,考点二：特殊句式中的强调句型,1 如果强调的是特殊疑问句中的疑问词，表示“到底”“究竟”等语气时，就用结构：“特殊疑问词is/wasitthat句子的其他成分”。如：,How is it that you usually go to work？你通常是怎样去上班,的？,2在强调“not.until”结构中，由 until 所引导的短语(或从句)做时间状语时，要用固定的强调句型：“It is/wasnot until.that句子的其他成分”；that 所引导的从句中的谓语动词
13、用肯定式。如：,His father didnt come back from work until 12 oclock.Itwas not until 12 oclock that his father came back from work. 直到12 点他的爸爸才下班回家。,考点三：强调句型与时间状语从句、定语从句的区别强调句型要注意和 it 代表时间、距离、温度、自然现象、具体事物或人物等时所构成的各种句型的区别。试比较：It was on March 1st that I had my hair cut.我是在三月一日剪,了头发。(强调句),It was March 1st when
14、 I had my hair cut.我在三月一日剪了,头发。(定语从句),判断是否是强调句，可采用“还原法”：如果还原为一般句式后，句子各种成分完整，则是强调句；否则不是。如第一句可还原成：I had my hair cut on March 1st.,考点四：谓语动词的强调句式,英语中常用助动词 do/does/did 强调谓语。如：,He did go to the airport yesterday, but he didnt find you.他昨,天确实去了机场，但他没有找到你。,(四)倒装句,部分倒装,1否定型倒装,在正式文体中，如果将 never, seldom, rarely
15、, little, hardly,scarcely, no sooner, no longer, nowhere 等含有否定意义的副词置于句首，其后的句子要用部分倒装。如：,I never saw him again.Never did I see him again.后来我再,也没见到过他了。,在 not.until 句型，当 not until 位于句首时，其后的主句要,用部分倒装。如：,He didnt leave the room until the rain stopped.Not until therain stopped did he leave the room.雨停了之后他才
16、离开这房间。某些起副词作用的介词短语，由于含有否定词，若位于句,首，其后要用部分倒装。如：,On no account must this switch be touched. 这个开关是绝不,能触摸的。,2only 型倒装,当一个状语受副词 only 的修饰且置于句首时，其后要用部,分倒装。如：,Only in this way can we learn English well.只有这样我们才,能学好英语。,3so 型倒装,当副词 so 后接形容词或副词位于句首时，其后通常用部分,倒装。如：,So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太,冷，我们只好待在家里。,以 so 开头的句子还有这样一种倒装：表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者，这类倒装的基本结构是“so助动词主语”。如：,
