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1、1辽宁省抚顺市抚顺县高级中学高考英语辽宁省抚顺市抚顺县高级中学高考英语 语法专项语法专项 定语从句定语从句一一、知识点拨：知识点拨：定语从句，也称之为形容词性从句，在复合句中修饰、限定某一名词、代词或相当于名 词的词组或句子。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词；引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词可分 为关系代词：thatthat , , whichwhich , , whowho , , whom,whom, whose,whose, asas 在从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语；关系副词： when,when, where,where, whywhy 在从句中作状语。例如：1. The man
2、 whowho liveslives nextnext toto usus sells vegetables. 2. You must do everything thatthat I I dodo. 3. Do you remember the afternoon whenwhen wewe firstfirst metmet threethree yearsyears agoago? 上面两句中的 manman 和 everythingeverything, afternoonafternoon 是被定语从句修饰的词，叫先行词，其后的黑体部分为定 语从句，其中 whowho 和 thatt
3、hat, whenwhen 叫关系词，分别在从句中作主语，宾语和状语。 二、认识定语从句：二、认识定语从句： 划出下列复合句中的定语从句部分，找出各个句子中的先行词，关系词。仔细观察这些句子的特点，是 否能理解定语从句的含义。1. Your friend, who doesnt work hard, asks you to help him cheat in the exam by looking at your paper. 2. Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feeling
4、s and thoughts? 3. Make a list of reasons why friends are important to you. 4. This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English. 5. We will reach Dali in Yunnan Province soon, where our cousins Dao Wei and Yu Hang will join us. 6. The n
5、umber of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000. 7. But the million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night. 8. It was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometers away. 9. A huge crack that was eight kilometers long
6、and thirty meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals. 10. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. 11. The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. 12. The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometers away. 13. T
7、his is the same book as I showed you the other day. 14. He didnt come, as I had expected. 15. As we all know, the earth moves around the sun. 思考思考：定语从句分为限制性和非限制性定语从句两种。以上例句中 1 1， 5 5， 7 7， 8 8， 1414， 1515 为非限制 性定语从句，其余为限制性定语从句。你能看出它们的区别吗？三、定语从句的三、定语从句的 关系词的语法功能关系词的语法功能关系 词所指代的先行词的性质在定语从句中充当的 成分适用于定语
8、从句 的种类that人、物、人和物主语、宾语、表语限制性定语从句which物、整个句子指代某事主语、宾语、表语限制性或非限制 性定语从句who人主语、宾语（非正式限制性或非限制2用语或口语）性定语从句whom人宾语限制性或非限制 性定语从句whose人、物定语限制性或非限制 性定语从句as人、物、整个句子指代某事主语、宾语、表语限制性或非限制 性定语从句where表示地点的名词、或表示“模糊地点”的抽象名词 （point, case, situation etc.）地点状语限制性或非限制 性定语从句when表示时间的名词时间状语限制性或非限制 性定语从句why表示原因的名词（reason）原因
9、状语限制性定语从句（一）关系代词用法扫描（一）关系代词用法扫描 1.1. thatthat 可引导限制性定语从句，既可以指物也可以指人，在从句中常用作主语、宾语、表语，且在从 句中作宾语时可以省略。如： （1）Who is the person thatthat shook hands with you just now?(主语) （2）There are some films (that)that)Id like to see. (宾语) （3）Beijing is no longer the city thatthat it used to be. (表语) 注意注意：thatthat 不
10、用在非限制性定语从句中，而且介词提前时，直接跟在介词后作宾语时也不可以用 thatthat 。 如： The room inin whichwhich we lived at that time was not clean. 此句中的 whichwhich 不可以用 thatthat ， 因为介词提前。若：The room whichwhich / / thatthat we lived in at that time was not clean. 介词没有提 前则二者都可以使用。 考题回顾：考题回顾：Do you still remember the chicken farm _ we vi
11、sited three months ago? A. where B. when C. that D. what (2005 Beijing spring) 2.2. whichwhich 可引导限制性和非限制性定语从句，用于指物。在从句中常用作主语、宾语、表语。在限制性 定语从句中作宾语时可以省略；在非限制性定语从句和介词提前直接跟在介词后作宾语时不能省略。如：（1）The book whichwhich appeared a year ago has already gone through several editions. （主语） （2）This is a good book (wh
12、ichwhich) I read a few years ago. （宾语） （3）In the house we found some oranges, none of whichwhich was fit to eat. （宾语） （4）The project, whichwhich lasted for four years, cost $1 billion .（主语） （5）Her sister has become a lawyer, whichwhich she wanted to be. （表语） which 的先行词还可以是整个句子。如：He had failed in the
13、 English exam, whichwhich made his father very angry. 思考思考：在上面几个例句中，关系词 whichwhich 是否都可以替换成 thatthat？ 请说出理由。你知道在先行词指物 时，关系代词 thatthat 和 whichwhich 什么情况下可以互换，什么情况下只能用 thatthat 什么情况下只能用 whichwhich ？考题回顾：考题回顾： （1）Yesterday she sold her car, _ she bought a month ago. (2008 Zhejiang) A. when B. where C.
14、that D. which （2）His movie won several awards at the film festival, _ was beyond his wildest dream. A. which B. that C. where D. it (2007 Shanghai) 3.3. whowho / B. / ; who C. who; who D. / ; / 4.4. whosewhose 和名词搭配可以引导限制性和非限制性定语从句，可用于指人或物，在从句中作定语。如： （1）The boy whosewhose parents are peasants works
15、hardest in the class. 注意： 此句中 whose parents = the parents of whom = of whom the parents （2）He lives in the room whosewhose window faces south. 注意：此句中 whose window= the window of which= of which the window 即， whosewhose 的先行词指人时，whose + n. = the+ n. + of whom = of whom + the +n. ;whosewhose 的先行词指物时, w
16、hose + n. = the + n. + of which = of which + the + n. 考题回顾：考题回顾：Look out! Dont get too close to the house _ roof is under repair. (2006 Fujian) A. whose B. which C. of which D. what 5.5. asas 可以引导限制性和非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。在限制性定语从句中当先 行词与特定结构 as, so, the same, such 连用，或先行词本身就是 the same, such 时，关系代词用 asas。如： （1）
