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1、国际商法,International Business Law,国际商法概述,Introduction of International Business Law,本章要点,1、国际商法的概念2、国际商法的渊源3、两大法系及其民商法的特点4、中国民商法的主要特点,KEY TERMS,1. International business law 2. Civil Law 3. Common Law 4. Precedent 5.CISG (United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sales of Goods) 6.
2、Trade custom and usage,第一节 商法概念的导入,一、商法的定义1、什么是商 （1）词义学上的解释 （2）经济学上的解释 （3）文化意义上的商 （4）法学上的商 内涵 外延 2、商法的定义商法是调整市场经济中商事主体在商业活动中所形成的商事关系的法律规范的总称。,二、商事关系的特征1、商事关系是人与人之间的社会关系。 2、商事关系是在商事交易中产生的。 3、商事关系是一种财产关系。三、商行为 商行为是商事主体在商业活动中的法律行为。四、现代商法的发展趋势 1、 单行化 2、 公法化 3、 国际化,第二节 国际商法的概念,一、Definition of Internation
3、al Business Law 1.国际商法的概念 Definition of International Business Law国际商法是调整国际商事关系的法律规范的总称。由于国际商法调整的国际商事关系既包括国际商事交易关系，又包括国际商事组织关系，所以，它通常又被认为是调整国际商事交易和国际商事组织的法律规范的总称。 It refers to the body of legal rules and norms that regulates international commercial trade and international business organizations.,2、
4、对国际性的理解 The Meaning of “international”在国际商事法律关系的主体、客体和内容三要素中，至少有一个方面是跨越国界的。 A commercial transaction is international if: (1)the parties have their places of business in different States or Countries; (2)the parties have their nationalities from different countries; (3)the commercial activities are
5、performed in a State or District outside the Country or Countries of one or more parties; (4)the object of the commercial relationship is located in a State or District outside the Country or Countries of one or more parties.,3、对商事的理解 The Meaning of “Commercial”有关国际组织或国家大多采取广义的解释。The term “commercia
6、l” should be given a wide interpretation so as to cover matters arising from all relationships of a commercial nature, whether contractual or not. Relationships of a commercial nature include, but are not limited to, the following transactions: any trade transaction for the supply or exchange of goo
7、ds or services; distribution agreement; commercial representation or agency; factoring; leasing; construction of works; consulting; engineering; licensing; investment; financing; banking; insurance; exploitation agreement or concession; joint venture and other forms of industrial and business co-ope
8、ration; carriage of goods or passengers by air, sea, rail or road.,第三节 国际商法的渊源,Sources of International Business Law 国际商法的渊源国际商法的渊源是指国际商法产生的依据及其表现形式，主要有三个方面：国际商事条约、国际商事惯例和各国商事立法。 The basic sources of international business law include international conventions and treaties, international customs and
9、 usages, and international business laws.,一、国际商事条约（International Treaties and Conventions) 国际商事条约是指作为国际商事主体的国家和国际组织缔结的有关国际商业额贸易的条约或公约，它是国际商法的主要渊源。 条约对缔约方有约束力，根据“约定必须遵守”的国际法原则，缔约国家必须遵守条约。Agreement must be kept国际商法具有私法性，明显提现当事人“意思自治”原则。在某些情况下，有的国际条约只有在当事人之间的法律行为中予以采用时，才适用于当事人之间的法律关系。 Under some circum
10、stances, only when the parties of an international business transaction have willingly chosen a treaty, the treaty is binding upon the legal relationship between them.,国际商法上的主要国际条约 1、调整代理的国际公约 2、调整国际货物买卖关系的条约 3、调整国际货物运输的国际条约 4、调整国际票据关系的国际公约 5、调整产品责任的国际公约 6、 保护知识产权的公约 7、国际商事仲裁的公约,二、International Trad
11、e Custom and Usage 1、国际商事惯例的概念 International trade custom and usage means the general rules and practices in international trade activities that have become generally adopted through unvarying habit and common use. 国际商事惯例是指具有相对确定的内容、对当事人不具有当然约束力但在一定领域内为大家所普遍遵循的商事性规范。,2、国际商事惯例应具备的条件： a. 具有确定的商事内容，即具体
12、包括了确定参加国际商事活动的当事人权利和义务的规则； b. 已成为国际商事活动中反复使用的习惯； c. 是各国普遍承认具有拘束力的通例。,3、国际商事惯例的效力 （Effectiveness) As rules and principles developed gradually from the international business practices in the long-turn, international trade customs are, by nature, not law: neither international treaties or conventions,
13、 nor national legislations. An international trade custom does not have any legal binding effect until the parties of an international business transaction choose it to apply to their contract, and the court and arbitration institution may decide or enforce accordingly.,4、国际商法相关的主要国际商事惯例 a. Warsaw-O
14、xford Rules 1932 b. Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941 c. INCOTERMS 2000 d. UCP600,三、Domestic Business Law各国的商事立法 The national sources of international business law are business laws found within the legal systems of different countries. 一方面，国际条约、国际惯例的适用、效力皆来自于国内立法的规定；另一方面，国内法也直接调整国际贸易或
15、商事关系。再者，当事人从事跨国经贸和商事活动，也可能选择某国的国内法作为准则，此时该商事关系的内容、当事人之间的权利义务等就由该国内法进行调整。,第四节 两大法系的特点,一、英美法系 （Common-Law System） Common law refers to law and the corresponding legal system developed through decisions of courts and similar tribunals, rather than through legislative statutes or executive action. 其形成于英
16、国，主要代表是英国和美国，其他国家和地区还有加拿大、澳大利亚、马来西亚、爱尔兰、新加坡、巴基斯坦、我国香港地区等等。,Common Law developed from the rules and principles that judges traditionally followed in deciding court cases. Judges based their decisions on earlier court rulings in similar cases. But judges could expand precedents to make them suit particular cases.Judges could also reject any precedents that they considered to be in error or outdated. Common law countries have kept the basic feature of the English legal system, which is the power of judges to make laws.,
