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1、1专题专题 3 3 阅读理解阅读理解：主旨大意题：主旨大意题1.2016全国卷 D DThe meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural group
2、s as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a persons needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among peop
3、le, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for refle
4、ction. Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussi
5、on. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority. Nurses a
6、nd other caregivers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patients silence is not interrupted too early or allowed t
7、o go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures. 35. What may be the best title for the text?ASound and silenceBWhat it means to be silent2CSilence to Native AmericansD
8、Speech is silver; silence is gold2.2016全国卷 C CReading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the website BookC turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group. Members go on the site and register t
9、he books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, travelling far and wide with each new reader who finds it. Bruce Pederson, the managing direct
10、or of BookCrossing, says, “The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both.”Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it. Peop
11、le who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it. Emails are then sent to the BookCrossers to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce Pederson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at hom
12、e.BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real” and not the virtual(虚拟). The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirtyfive countries.12. What is the best title for the text?A. Online reading: a virtual tour B. Electronic books: a new
13、 trend C. A book group brings tradition back D. A website links people through books【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了网站 BookC 建立的目的以及它是如何促进人们3分享图书的。12D 主旨大意题。结合文章的第三段中的“The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both. ”可知，这个网站把人生中最重要的两个主体即人与人以及人与书联系在了一
14、起，因此 D 项符合本文主题。3.2016全国卷 D DBad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控) in different ways, researchers are discovering
15、 new rules. By tracking peoples emails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories. “The if it bleeds rule works for mass media， ” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and dont
16、 care how youre feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You dont want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”Researchers analyzing wordofmouth communicationemails, Web posts and reviews, facetoface conversationsfound that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的), but that didnt necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simpl
