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1、2015 高考英语人教版一轮语法专题（高考英语人教版一轮语法专题（4）名词性从句名词性从句名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)中连接词的运用名词性从句中的连接词有从属连词 that/whether/if，连接代词what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever，连接副词where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。1that 的用法。(1)主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用 that 但不能省略。That they are good at English is known to us
2、all.The problem is that we dont have enough money.The report that there will be a severe storm in the northern area is false.(2)一般情况下，宾语从句中的引导词 that 可省略，但在以下几种情况中 that 一般不省略：(A)当 that 从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入语时；(B)有多个 that 引导的从句时，第一个 that可以省略，而其他的 that 常不可省略；(C)介词 except，but，besides，in 等后跟 that 引导的宾语从句时；(D)当
3、when，who，what，where，why，how 等引导的从句与 that 引导的从句作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时。He judged that，because he was a child，he did not understand wine.The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.(3)that 和 what 的区别。that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不担当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而 what
4、 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what 可以分解成定语从句中的“先行词关系代词” ，即常说的“先行词that” 。Its a shame that he has made such a mistake. I will do what I can (do) to help him.(4)同位语从句与定语从句中 that 的区别。同位语从句中的连接词 that 只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词 that 在句中作宾语或主语，与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连接词 that 而不能用 which。同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名
5、词后解释说明名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news，fact，suggestion，truth，plan，belief，doubt，possibility，idea 等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位语从句)The hope they expressed is that they would come to visit China again.(定语从句) 2whether 和 if 的用法。(1)whether 和 if 在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作
6、介词宾语时连接词一般用 whether。It all depends on whether they will come back.(2)后面直接跟 or not 时用 whether。I didnt know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.(3)主语从句、表语从句中只能用 whether。Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.The question is whether they have so much money.(4)whether 可以引导同位语从句，
7、用以说明前面的名词的内容，if 则不能。We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not.(5)whether 常与 or 连用表示一种选择，if 不能这样用；whether 也可与动词不定式连用但if 不能。The question of whether they are male or female is not important.I have not decided whether to go or not.(6)间接宾语位于句首时或者间接宾语提前时用 whether 不用 if。Thank y
8、ou，but whether Ill be free Im not sure at the moment.(7)whether 可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管” 、 “无论” ，而 if 不能。Whether he comes or not，we will begin our party on time.3疑问词ever 和 no matter疑问词的区别。(1)疑问词ever 可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的成分。Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.You can choose whatever you like in the shop
9、.(2)疑问词ever 还可引导让步状语从句。Whoever breaks the rule，he must be punished.Whatever you do，you must do it well.(3)no matter疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。No matter what you do，you must put your heart into it.No matter who comes late，he must be punished.4when 和 where 引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。when 和 where 前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则 when 和 w
10、here 引导的是定语从句，否则则为同位语从句。They put forward the question where they could get the money.(同位语从句)This is the place where the accident happened.(定语从句)主语从句的考查要点1主语从句在复合句中充当主语，大多数主语从句都可以用 it 作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。2that 引导主语从句时可用 it 作形式主语，that 不可省；what 引导的主语从句表示“的东西”时，一般不用 it 作形式主语；whatever，whoever，whichever 一般也不用
11、 it作形式主语。That she will succeed is certain.It is certain that she will succeed.What he needs is more experience.常见的 it 替代 that 引导的主语从句的句式主要有以下几种：(1)It系动词形容词(necessary，right，likely，unlikely，wrong，important，certain，clear，obvious，strange，normal 等)that 从句It is certain that most of the farmers have brough
12、t in more money by all means.(2)Itbe名词(短语)(a pity，a shame，good news，a fact，an honour，a wonder，no wonder 等)that 从句Its no wonder that youve achieved so much success.(3)Itbe过去分词(said，told，heard，reported，decided，suggested，advised，ordered，remembered，thought，considered，wellknown，announced 等)that 从句It is s
13、aid that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out the experiment.(4)It特殊动词(seem，appear，happen，matter)that 从句It happened to me that I had been away when he called.注意：(1)在“It is necessary/important/strange/natural.that 从句”结构中，从句谓语常用“(should)动词原形”形式。(2)在“Itbesuggested/advised/ordered/request
14、ed/insisted/required.that 从句”结构中，that 从句谓语应用“(should)动词原形” 。题组训练 1用适当的连接词填空1What_Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.2It is obvious that youve made a big mistake.3It was never clear that the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.4Why he did that wasnt quite clear.5It is still
15、under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.宾语从句的考查要点1动词的宾语从句(1)大多数动词(hope，tell，say 等)可以带宾语从句。We all expect that they will win，for members of their team are stronger.I dont think you are right.I dont suppose he cares，does he?(2)动词 find，feel，think，consid
16、er，make，believe 等后有宾语补足语时，则需要 it 作形式宾语而将 that 宾语从句后置。I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.(3)有些动词带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加 it。这类动词(短语)有hate，enjoy，like，love，dislike，see to 等。I hate it when they talk with their mouths full.2一般情况下介词后只能用 wh类连接词引导宾语从句。We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.注意：(1)where 引导的从句有时也可用作介词的宾语。We could see the temple quite clearly from where we lived.(2)that 引导的从句作介词的宾语是很少有的
