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1、阅读理解。(2014绍兴统考)When people first walked across the Bering Land Bridge thousands of years ago, dogs were by their sides, according to a study published in the journal Science. Robert Wayne of the University of California, Los Angeles, and Jennifer Leonard of the Smithsonian Institute, used DNA materi
2、alsome of it unearthed by miners in Alaskato conclude that todays domestic dog originated in Asia and accompanied the first humans to the New World about 10, 000 to 15, 000 years ago. Wayne suggests that mans best friend may have enabled the tough journey from Asia into North America. “Dogs may have
3、 been the reason people made it across the land bridge, ”said Wayne. “They can pull things, carry things, defend you from fierce animals, and theyre useful to eat. ”Researchers have agreed that todays dog is the result of the domestication(驯化)of wolves thousands of years ago. Before this recent stud
4、y, a common thought about the precise origin of North Americas domestic dog was that Natives domesticated local wolves, the descendants(后代)of which now live with people in Alaska, Canada, and the Lower 48. Dog remains from a Fairbanks-area gold mine helped the scientists reach their conclusion. Leon
5、ard, an evolutionary biologist, collected DNA from 11 bones of ancient dogs that were locked in permafrost(永冻层)until Fairbanks miners uncovered them in the 1920s. The miners donated the preserved bones to the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, where they remained untouched for more
6、 than 70 years. After borrowing the bones from the museum, Leonard and her colleagues used radiocarbon techniques to find the age of the Alaska dogs. They found the dogs all lived between the years of 1450 and 1675 A. D. , before Vitus Bering and Aleksey Chirikov who were the first known Europeans t
7、o view Alaska in 1741. “The bones of dogs that wandered the Fairbanks area centuries ago should therefore be the remains of pure native American dogs, ”Leonard said. The DNA of the Fairbanks dogs would also expose whether they were the descendants of wolves from North America. Along with the Fairban
8、ks samples, the researchers collected DNA from bones of 37 dog specimens(标本)from Mexico, Peru, and Bolivia that existed before the arrival of Columbus. In the case of both the Alaska dogs and the dogs from Latin America, the researchers found that they shared the most genetic material with gray wolv
9、es of Europe and Asia. This supports the idea of domestic dogs entering the New World with the first human explorers who wandered east over the land bridge. Leonard and Waynes study suggests that dogs joined the first humans that made the adventure across the Bering Land Bridge to slowly populate th
10、e Americas. Wayne thinks the dogs that made the trip must have provided some excellent service to their human companions or they would not have been brought along. “Dogs must have been useful because they were expensive to keep, ”Wayne said. “They didnt feed on mice; they fed on meat, which was a ve
11、ry guarded resource. ”【文章大意】本文是科普性文章。说明了在几千年前狗陪同人们一起跨过白令大陆桥进入北美大陆, 并且在此繁殖起来。而通过检测发掘出的狗骨头的 DNA 也证实了这一点。1. The underlined word“remains”is closest in meaning to“ ”. A. leftover food B. animal wasteC. dead bodiesD. living environment【解析】选 C。词义猜测题。根据第四段第二句话“Leonard, an evolutionary biologist, collected D
12、NA from 11 bones of ancient dogs that were locked in permafrost”说明是在永冻层发现的狗的骨头, 所以 remains 应该是尸体。故 C 正确。2. According to the study described in Paragraph 4, we can learn that . A. ancient dogs entered North America between 1450 and 1675 A. D. B. the 11 bones of ancient dogs are not from native Americ
13、an dogsC. the bones discovered by the gold miners were from North American wolvesD. the bones studied were not from dogs brought into North America by Europeans【解析】选 D。细节理解题。根据“They found the dogs all lived between the years of 1450 and 1675 A. D. , before Vitus Bering and Aleksey Chirikov who were
14、the first known Europeans to view Alaska in 1741. . . ”可判断出被研究的骨头不是欧洲人带到北美的狗的骨头。所以 D 正确。3. What can we know from the passage? A. Native Americans domesticated local wolves into dogs. B. Scientists discovered some ancient dog remains in the 1920s. C. Latin Americas dogs are different from North Ameri
15、cas in genes. D. Ancient dogs entered North America across the Bering Land Bridge. 【解析】选 D。细节理解题。根据第一段“When people first walked across the Bering Land Bridge thousands of years ago, dogs were by their sides, according to a study published in the journal Science. ”可知 D 正确。4. What does the passage mai
16、nly talk about? A. The origin of the North American dogs. B. The DNA study of ancient dogs in America. C. The reasons why early people entered America. D. The difference between Asian and American dogs. 【解析】选 A。推理判断题。文章第一段提到狗和人们一同跨过 the Bering Land Bridge, 第二、三、四、五段研究狗的 DNA“to conclude that todays domestic dog originated in Asia”, “Researchers have agreed that todays dog is the result of the domestication of wolves thousands of years ago”, 所以文章中心是谈论北美的狗的起源。阅读理解阅读理解-(1)
