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1、Education in Britain,Education made us what we are.- Helvetius French philosopherEducation begins a gentleman; conversation completes him.- English proverb,Content,Change & Reform in Schools The 1870 reform The tripartite system for secondary education Basic structure for the system Schools Today Hi
2、gher Education, Further Education & Training Freedom as the feature of British education as a whole,diagram on Page 57,details on Page 63,details on Page 61,Change & Reform in Schools,The 1870 reform Development from a limited and voluntary schooling to an expanded and compulsory education system Th
3、e tripartite system A system of secondary education streaming 11 year-old children at the end of their primary education into secondary modern, technical and grammar schools respectively.,return,Schools Today,Primary schools Compulsory schooling starts at 5 Co-educational and a class-teacher system
4、Three-term school year Secondary schools Compulsory schooling extends up to 16 The selective system, comprehensive system and independent schools Sixth form colleges/ tertiary colleges Other schools County schools Voluntary schools,note on Page 74,return,The Selective System,A system for secondary s
5、chooling in Britain, under which children take an examination, the “11 plus”, in their last year of primary education. The results of the examination determine the kind of secondary schooling each child will receive. Those with the highest marks go to grammar schools; others may go to technical scho
6、ols, and the rest by far majority go to secondary modern schools.,back,The Comprehensive System,A system for secondary schooling in Britain, under which all children, regardless of ability, can mix together. In comprehensive schools, students study a wide variety of subjects at first until 2 or 3 ye
7、ars later, when they may study only those they like best. Many new ideas in education are being tried out at present, and comprehensive schools vary widely throughout Britain.,back,Independent Schools,Public schools: secondary private boarding schools that prepare students chiefly for universities.
8、They laid the foundations of English education, but now are generally restricted to a comparatively small section of the population, mainly the rich and conservative in politics. Eton, Harrow and Rugby are the 3 most famous public schools.Prep schools: small private boarding schools for children up
9、to 7 or 8 years old, which help to prepare the children for the “common entrance” examination at the age of 13 for admission to a public school, and where Latin, French and mathematics are all started early.,back,Other Schools,County schools: state-run secondary schools, most of which are administer
10、ed by the county or county borough. About half of the money comes from the local authority and the other half from the central government. Voluntary schools: also called mission schools in other countries, secondary schools in Britain that are mostly Church of England or Roman Catholic in origin, an
11、d partly maintained and controlled by the local authority. They give a certain amount of denominational religious instruction. Education is free in such schools.,back,The Universities,Oxford and Cambridge 12th and 13th centuries College system and tutorial system 4 Scottish universities 15th and 16t
12、h centuries St. Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen, Edinburgh 3 other universities containing colleges 19th century Durham, London, Wales 19th- and 20th-century universities starting from colleges Post-war universities, or university colleges, teaching a more balanced mixture of subjects Universities of tec
13、hnology, promoted during the 1960s The Open University,“red brick”,details on Page 74,return,Oxford and Cambridge,College system: whereby all students live in college during at least part of their course, which fosters a community spirit in which a useful mingling of intelligence can take place. Suc
14、h colleges include tutors as well as students, and are largely self-governing.Tutorial system: whereby each student gets personal tutoring once a week in his tutors own room. It, together with a weekly programme of private study, has been considered very important at Oxford and Cambridge.,back,photo
15、s,“Red Brick”,back,“Red brick”: a slightly contemptuous term used to refer to the large group of 19th- and 20th-century universities and university colleges in Britain. It describes their construction, which is contrasted with the more dignified and solid-looking ancient architecture of Oxford and C
16、ambridge. The distinctive feature of these universities was that they were non-collegiate institutions which admitted men without reference to religion or background and that they concentrated on real-world skills, often linked to engineering.,photos,students cant do much to change the world,students should get involved into politics,university life should be interesting,university is a new page in her life,highly value students demonstrations,university ensures a good time,
