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1、动词的时态和语态,1(2011年高考新课标全国卷)When Alice came to,she did not know how long she_there.Ahad been lying Bhas been lying Cwas lying Dhas lain 解析:当艾丽斯醒来时,她不知道自己在那儿躺了多久。根据时态一致的原则,可排除B、D两项;由 she did not know how long.可知应用过去完成进行时,表示持续发生的动作。 答案:A,2(2011年大纲全国卷)If you dont like the drink you_, just leave it and try
2、 a different one. Aordered Bare ordering Cwill order Dhad ordered 解析:句意:如果你不喜欢你点的饮料,就别喝了,再换一种。由情境可知饮料是刚才点的,故用一般过去时。 答案:A,3(2011年高考山东卷)When I got on the bus,I_I had left my wallet at home. Awas realizing Brealized Chave realized Dwould realize 解析:句意:当我坐上公共汽车时,我才意识到我把钱包忘在家里了。根据句意知when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词表示的
3、动作和主句的谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,且从句用一般过去时。故B项正确。 答案:B,4(2011年高考福建卷)Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they_from China. Areceive Bare receiving Chave received Dhad received 解析:句意:上个月,日本政府表达了他们对收到的来自中国的援助的谢意。由语境可知,receive 这一动作发生在 expressed 动作之前,即“过去的过去”,故 receive 要用过去完成式,因此D项正确
4、。答案:D,5(2011年高考浙江卷)The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant _ in his place but, luckily, everything was going on smoothly. Agave Bgives Cwas giving Dhad given 解析:根据后置语境everything was going on smoothly 可知,空格处描述的是当时的情景,所以要用过去进行时态。句意:经理对于他的助手代替他举行的新闻发布会感到焦虑,所幸的是,一切进展顺利 答案:C,时态 1
5、考查一般现在时和现在完成时的区别 一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作或永久性的状态,而现在完成时则强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。,典例1 (2011年高考新课标全国卷)Planning so far ahead _no senseso many things will have changed by next year. Amade Bis making Cmakes Dhas made 答案 C,典例2 (2011年高考安徽卷)I didnt ask for the name list. Why_on my desk? I put it there just now in case y
6、ou needed it. Adoes it land Bhas it landed Cwill it land Dhad it landed 答案 B,2考查be going to do和willdo构成的将来时的区别 典例3 Did you tell Julia about the result? Oh,no.I forgot.I_her now. Awill be calling Bwill call Cam going to call Dam to call 答案 B, be going to可用于条件状语从句表示将来,而shall / will一般不可。 迹象表明要发生某事,只用be
7、 going to。 若强调某个意图是经过事先考虑好的,用be going to;说话时的临时决定,则用will / shall。,3考查过去时和现在完成时的区别 典例4 The book has been translated into thirty languages since it _on the market in 1973. Ahad come Bhas come Ccame Dcomes 答案 C,4考查一般过去时和过去完成时的区别 典例5 (2011年高考四川卷)What a mistake ! Yes.I_his doing it another way, but witho
8、ut success. Awas suggesting Bwill suggest Cwould suggest Dhad suggested 答案 D,一些动词的过去完成时的“特别”之意 intend,mean,hope,want,plan,suppose,expect,think等动词的过去完成时可用来表示过去未曾实现的设想、意图或希望等,含有某种惋惜之情。如:I had intended to call on you yesterday,but I had an unexpected visitor.我本来打算昨天去看你,但我有了一个不速之客。,5考查现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别 典
9、例6 (2011年高考辽宁卷) Ill go to the library as soon as I finish what I_. Awas doing Bam doing Chave done Dhad been doing 答案 B,6考查一般过去时和过去进行时的区别 典例7 I walked slowly through the market,where people _all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed. Asell Bwere sell
10、ing Chas sold Dhave sold 答案 B,7现在进行时表将来 leave,go, come, arrive, start, take off等。,8将来进行时态 典例9 Guess what,weve got our visas for a shortterm visit to the UK this summer. How nice!You _a different culture then. Awill be experiencing Bhave experienced Chave been experiencing Dwill have experienced 答案 A
11、,1三种形式的被动语态(以动词give为例) 一般现在时态am/is/are given 一般过去时态was/were given 一般将来时态shall/will be given 一般过去将来时态should/would be given 现在进行时态am/is/are being given 过去进行时态was/were being given 现在完成时态has/have been given 过去完成时态had been given 将来完成时态shall/will have been given 过去将来完成时态should/would have been given,动词的被动语
12、态,典例1 (2011年高考湖南卷)In the near future, more advances in the robot technology_by scientists. Aare making Bare made Cwill make Dwill be made 解析 句意:在不久的将来,科学家们将会在机器人技术上取得更大的进步。由句中的时间状语“in the near future”可知应用一般将来时;make advances取得进步,more advances作主语,故用被动语态。 答案 D,考点归纳1:两种特殊的被动语态,1. 双宾语动词的被动语态英语中有些动词可以有两个宾
13、语,如: give, buy, bring, show, pass, offer, lend, leave, tell, write, sing, teach等,这些动词用于被动结构时,可以将其中任何一个宾语变为主语,而另一个宾语仍保留在谓语后面。如: He bought me many books. I was bought many books. 或 Many books were bought for me.,2. 短语动词的被动语态短语动词是由“动词介词”, “动词名词介词”等结构构成的动词短语,在被动语态结构中,不能漏掉其后的介词。,考点归纳2:主动表被动的若干情形,1. 系动词(如
14、look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动。 2. 英语中有些动词如: open, close, shut, lock, move, read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等,当主语是物,且又表示主语的特征和状态时,要用主动形式表被动含义。3. 不定式to blame用作表语,通常用主动表被动。,4. “主语be形容词to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。这类形容词常见的有: convenient, comfortable, dangerous, difficult, hard, easy, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, safe, tough, unpleasant等。5. 不定式用于某些动词(如: have, get, want, need等)的宾语后作定语时,如果不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语,通常用主动形式表示被动意义。若不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语,则应用被动式。,